Comparative analysis of clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects associated with bone mineral density in small for gestational age children

Silvano, Liliana; Miras, Mirta; Pérez, Adriana; Picotto, Gabriela; Barboza, Gabriela Díaz de; Muñoz, Liliana; Martin, Silvia; Sobrero, Gabriela; Armelini, Pedro Alberto; Mericq, Verónica; Talamoni, Nori Tolosa de

doi:10.1515/jpem.2011.196

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…No differences between the birth size groups were found in total body BMD (25). In a previous study on children aged 3-12 years, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were lower in SGA than in AGA children (26). In our study, the SGA children had the lowest BMD among the study groups, and lower birth weight SDS in the whole study population and being born SGA in the boys predicted lower BMD in mid-childhood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Catch-up growth especially during the first 2 years of life reduced the adverse effect of small birth size on childhood bone mass (24). SGA-born children had lower lumbar spine BMD Z-scores than AGA-born children when there was no catch-up growth (26). Children born SGA with no catch-up growth had lower total body BMD in early adulthood compared with children born SGA with catch-up growth (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBirth weight has an impact on adult bone mass. Higher birth weight is associated with greater bone mineral content (BMC) and children born small for gestational age (SGA) are at an increased risk for impaired accrual of bone mass. Our aim was to study whether the impact of birth size or early childhood growth on bone mass is visible already in mid-childhood.MethodsWe studied 49 children born large for gestational age (LGA), 56 children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 23 children born SGA at 5.0-8.7 years of age. Body composition was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting blood samples and anthropometric data were collected.ResultsThe children born SGA had lower bone mineral density (BMD) Z-score (P<0.001) and age- and sex-adjusted BMD (P<0.005) than the LGA and AGA children. Adjusted BMC, muscle mass, and body fat percentage (%BF) did not differ between the study groups. Muscle mass, BMI SD score (SDS), %BF, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentration were the strongest predictors of high BMD in mid-childhood.ConclusionSGA-born children had lower BMD in mid-childhood compared with AGA- and LGA-born ones. Muscle mass or BMI SDS, %BF, and DHEAS were significant predictors of childhood BMD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

et al. 2018

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“…A total of 5 studies were from European countries [ 9 , 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 ], 4 from America [ 33 , 35 , 37 , 41 ], and 1 from Asia [ 34 ] and Australia [ 39 ], respectively. Overall, sample sizes ranged from 189 to 615 mothers and from 90 to 506 infants, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, sample sizes ranged from 189 to 615 mothers and from 90 to 506 infants, respectively. The most reported outcome was PTB ( n = 4) [ 9 , 33 , 34 , 36 ], while 3 studies investigated neonatal anthropometric measures using birth weight [ 37 ], LBW [ 35 ] or SGA [ 41 ] as primary outcome. Two studies collected both maternal and cord blood samples [ 34 , 36 ], while 5 and 3 studies genotyped VDR polymorphisms in cord blood [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] or maternal blood samples [ 9 , 33 , 37 ], respectively; only Workalemahu et al collected placental samples [ 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ligand-bound VDR forms a heterodimer with nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR) [ 31 ], which recognizes vitamin D response elements (VDRE) in the promoter regions of vitamin D target genes and recruits co-factors to modulate gene transcription [ 32 ]. Recently, some studies proposed the potential association between VDR polymorphisms and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as PTB, LBW and SGA births [ 9 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In this area of research, BsmI (rs1544410), ApaI (rs7975232), FokI (rs2228570) and TaqI (rs731236) polymorphisms are the most commonly investigated: while TaqI and FokI consist of a single base change (A to G and G to A in exons 9 and 2, respectively), BsmI and ApaI are located in the last intron of the sequence and result from a single base change (G to A and A to C, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor Gene Affect Birth Weight and the Risk of Preterm Birth: Results From the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort and A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2018

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The effect of vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms on adverse pregnancy outcomes—including preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight and small for gestational age—is currently under debate. We investigated 187 mother-child pairs from the Italian “Mamma & Bambino” cohort to evaluate the association of maternal VDR polymorphisms—BsmI, ApaI, FokI and TaqI—with neonatal anthropometric measures and the risk of PTB. To corroborate our results, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies. For the FokI polymorphism, we showed that gestational duration and birth weight decreased with increasing number of A allele (p = 0.040 and p = 0.010, respectively). Compared to the GG and GA genotypes, mothers who carried the AA genotype exhibited higher PTB risk (OR = 12.049; 95% CI = 2.606–55.709; p = 0.001) after adjusting for covariates. The meta-analysis confirmed this association under the recessive model (OR = 3.67, 95%CI 1.18–11.43), and also pointed out the protective effect of BsmI polymorphism against the risk of PTB under the allelic (A vs. G: OR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.59–0.93) and recessive (AA vs. GG + AG: OR = 0.62; 95%CI 0.43–0.89) models. Our results suggest the association between some maternal VDR polymorphisms with neonatal anthropometric measures and the risk of PTB.

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Clinical and molecular studies related to bone metabolism in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Martin

Muñoz

Pérez

et al. 2014

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency need glucocorticoid (GC) therapy, which alters bone mineral metabolism. We analyze clinical and biochemical parameters and different polymorphisms of candidate genes associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in CAH patients. The CAH patients treated with GC and healthy controls were studied. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and BMD were evaluated. Polymerase chain reaction technique was used to genotype different candidate genes. The 192-192 genotype frequency (IGF-I) was lower in poorly controlled patients than that from controls. In CAH patients, FF genotype (vitamin D receptor, VDR) correlated with lower lumbar spine BMD and there was a significant association between the 0-0 genotype (IGF-I) and high values of β-CrossLaps and a low total BMD. This study contributes to understanding of the association of genetic determinants of BMD with the variable response to GC treatment in CAH patients and demonstrates the usefulness of these genetic polymorphisms.

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Comparative analysis of clinical, biochemical and genetic aspects associated with bone mineral density in small for gestational age children

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

Birth size, body composition, and adrenal androgens as determinants of bone mineral density in mid-childhood

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Receptor Gene Affect Birth Weight and the Risk of Preterm Birth: Results From the “Mamma & Bambino” Cohort and A Meta-Analysis

Clinical and molecular studies related to bone metabolism in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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