Comparative analysis of changes in the skeleton of cosmonauts in long-term orbital flights and the possibilities of prediction for interplanetary missions

Оганов, В. С.; Богомолов, В. В.; Бакулин, А. В.; Novikov, V. V.; Kabitskaya, O. E.; Мурашко, Л. М.; Моргун, В В; Kaspranskii, R. R.

doi:10.1134/s0362119710030059

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Compromised trabeculae can irreversibly damage bone structure altogether [367,368]. One hypothesis contributing to region-specific bone loss during spaceflight is the changes in mechanical loading induced by microgravity [369,370]. High mechanical loading zones are reduced to low mechanical loading in microgravity and may therefore also reduce bone for the lack of necessity in that region.…”

Section: Microbiome and Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions

Tesei

Jewczynko

Lynch

et al. 2022

Life

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During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a period of time. Several of these changes occur at the microbiome level, a complex ensemble of microbial communities residing in various anatomic sites of the human body, with a pivotal role in regulating the health and behavior of the host. The microbiome is essential for day-to-day physiological activities, and alterations in microbiome composition and function have been linked to various human diseases. For these reasons, understanding the impact of spaceflight and space conditions on the microbiome of astronauts is important to assess significant health risks that can emerge during long-term missions and to develop countermeasures. Here, we review various conditions that are caused by long-term space exploration and discuss the role of the microbiome in promoting or ameliorating these conditions, as well as space-related factors that impact microbiome composition. The topics explored pertain to microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences and pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections are made between the trifecta of spaceflight, the host and the microbiome, and the significance of these interactions for successful long-term space missions.

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Section: Microbiome and Bone Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions

Tesei

Jewczynko

Lynch

et al. 2022

Life

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“…1A). Included articles described studies in rats (20/32) (Prokhonchukov et al 1977;Prokhonchukov, Zaitsev, et al 1978;Savostin-Asling 1978;Simmons et al 1980;Simmons, Russell, Winter, Rosenberg, et al 1981;Tran Van et al 1981;Simmons et al 1983;Rosenberg et al 1984;Roberts et al 1987;Kleber et al 1989;Volozhin et al 1989;Simmons, Grynpas, Rosenberg, and Durnova 1990;Davis et al 1998;Hatton et al 2002;Keune et al 2015), mice (6/32) (Zhang et al 2013;Ghosh et al 2016;Macaulay et al 2017;Dagdeviren et al 2018;Dadwal et al 2019;Maupin et al 2019), and humans (6/32) (Oganov et al 1992;Shigematsu et al 1997;Grigoriev et al 1998;Miyamoto et al 1998;Oganov 2003;Oganov et al 2005). The most studied hard structures within the skull were the mandible, calvariae, and the lower incisors (Fig.…”

Section: Overview Of Relevant Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial Bones and Teeth in Spacefarers: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Moussa

Goldsmith

Komarova

2022

JDR Clinical & Translational Research

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Introduction: Estimating the risk of dental problems in long-duration space missions to the Moon and Mars is critical for avoiding dental emergencies in an environment that does not support proper treatment. Previous risk estimates were constructed based on the experience in short-duration space missions and isolated environments on Earth. However, previous estimates did not account for potential changes in dental structures due to space travel, even though bone loss is a known problem for long-duration spaceflights. The objective of this study was to systematically analyze the changes in hard tissues of the craniofacial complex during spaceflights. Methods: Comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Scopus, the NASA Technical Report Server, and other sources identified 1,585 potentially relevant studies. After screening, 32 articles that presented quantitative data for skull in humans (6/32) and for calvariae, mandible, and lower incisors in rats (20/32) and mice (6/32) were selected. Results: Skull bone mineral density showed a significant increase in spacefaring humans. In spacefaring rodents, calvariae bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) demonstrated a trend toward increasing that did not reach statistical significance, while in mandibles, there was a significant decrease in BV/TV. Dentin thickness and incisor volume of rodent incisors were not significantly different between spaceflight and ground controls. Discussion: Our study demonstrates significant knowledge gaps regarding many structures of the craniofacial complex such as the maxilla, molar, premolar, and canine teeth, as well as small sample sizes for the studies of mandible and incisors. Understanding the effects of microgravity on craniofacial structures is important for estimating risks during long-duration spaceflight and for formulating proper protocols to prevent dental emergencies. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Avoiding dental emergencies in long-duration spaceflights is critical since this environment does not support proper treatment. Prior risk estimates did not account for changes in dental structures due to space travel. We reviewed and synthesized the literature for changes in craniofacial complex associated with spaceflight. The results of our study will help clinicians and scientists to better prepare to mitigate potential oral health issues in space travelers on long-duration missions.

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“…Space physiology, apparently, deals with the unique pattern of adaptation of human systems, tissues, and cells, thus demonstrating its possibilities. The phenomenology of the major changes induced by the conditions of space flight includes: a negative energy balance (more energy is spent than is received) that affects various processes in a human organism [ 107 - 110 ], a negative water and calcium balance [ 111 , 112 ] but positive sodium balance [ 113 , 114 ], demineralization and modification of bone tissue structure [ 115 ], ineffective thermoregulation [ 116 - 118 ], changes in the biorhythms of heat production, hormone secretion activity, cardiac function [ 118 - 121 ], reorganization of vasomotor reaction modulation [ 122 ], endothelial dysfunction [ 123 ], muscle hypotrophy [ 124 - 126 ], decreased muscle tone and speed-strength properties, functional deafferentation of sensor systems that leads to impairments in movement control [ 127 , 128 ], modification of lung volume, breathing biomechanics and its regulation with chemoreceptors [ 129 , 130 ], and space anemia [ 131 ]. Almost every field of knowledge still has unrevealed molecular mechanisms responsible for the formation of these new stages of physiological systems.…”

Section: Human Gravitational Physiology and Systems Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proteome of a Healthy Human during Physical Activity under Extreme Conditions

et al. 2014

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The review examines the new approaches in modern systems biology, in terms of their use for a deeper understanding of the physiological adaptation of a healthy human in extreme environments. Human physiology under extreme conditions of life, or environmental physiology, and systems biology are natural partners. The similarities and differences between the object and methods in systems biology, the OMICs (proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics) disciplines, and other related sciences have been studied. The latest data on environmental human physiology obtained using systems biology methods are discussed. The independent achievements of systems biology in studying the adaptation of a healthy human to physical activity, including human presence at high altitude, to the effects of hypoxia and oxidative stress have been noted. A reasonable conclusion is drawn that the application of the methods and approaches used in systems biology to study the molecular pattern of the adaptive mechanisms that develop in the human body during space flight can provide valuable fundamental knowledge and fill the picture of human metabolic pathways.

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Comparative analysis of changes in the skeleton of cosmonauts in long-term orbital flights and the possibilities of prediction for interplanetary missions

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions

Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions

Craniofacial Bones and Teeth in Spacefarers: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The Proteome of a Healthy Human during Physical Activity under Extreme Conditions

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