Comparative analysis of Bessel higher-order cosh- and sinh-Gaussian beams spreading through oceanic turbulence

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolution behavior of two important laser features: the Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian (BHoChG) beam and the Bessel higher-order sinh-Gaussian (BHoShG) beam propagating through turbulent oceanic environments.Benefiting from the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the analytical formulas for the average intensity of the beams passing through oceanic turbulence are derived. The propagation of some laser beams through oceanic turbulence is also deduced as particular cases from the present study. The effects of oceanic turbulence parameters and the source beam parameters are examined to understand their influence on the intensity distribution of the considered beams by using numerical simulations. Our results show that the spreading of these beams depends on their initial parameters and oceanic parameters. Hence, the propagation of the studied beams through oceanic turbulent will be faster with the smaller dissipation rate of the mean square temperature, larger salinity fluctuations, higher rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid and with decreasing the beam width and the parameter  . The outputs of this study have useful applications in optical underwater communication, remote sensing, imaging and others.