Comparative analysis of adaptive immune response after vaccine trials using live attenuated and formalin-killed cells of Edwardsiella tarda in ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii)

Yamasaki, Masatoshi; Araki, Kyosuke; Maruyoshi, Kota; Matsumoto, Megumi; Nakayasu, Chihaya; Moritomo, Tadaaki; Nakanishi, Teruyuki; Yamamoto, Atsushi

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2015.04.038

Cited by 68 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Suffice to mention that the CMI responses against E. tarda have been studied in more detail using ginburna carp ( Carassius auratus langsdorfii ) than other intracellular bacteria species in fish [ 119 ]. Yamasaki et al [ 120 ] showed higher protection in ginburna carp vaccinated against E. tarda using a live vaccine than with a WCI vaccine. The live vaccine induced high CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses alongside high antibody responses compared to the WCI vaccine that only induced antibody responses when CD4 and CD8 responses were suppressed.…”

Section: Vaccination and Adaptive Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish

Munang’andu

2018

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aquaculture is one of the most rapidly expanding farming systems in the world. Its rapid expansion has brought with it several pathogens infecting different fish species. As a result, there has been a corresponding expansion in vaccine development to cope with the increasing number of infectious diseases in aquaculture. The success of vaccine development for bacterial diseases in aquaculture is largely attributed to empirical vaccine designs based on inactivation of whole cell (WCI) bacteria vaccines. However, an upcoming challenge in vaccine design is the increase of intracellular bacterial pathogens that are not responsive to WCI vaccines. Intracellular bacterial vaccines evoke cellular mediated immune (CMI) responses that “kill” and eliminate infected cells, unlike WCI vaccines that induce humoral immune responses whose protective mechanism is neutralization of extracellular replicating pathogens by antibodies. In this synopsis, I provide an overview of the intracellular bacterial pathogens infecting different fish species in aquaculture, outlining their mechanisms of invasion, replication, and survival intracellularly based on existing data. I also bring into perspective the current state of CMI understanding in fish together with its potential application in vaccine development. Further, I highlight the immunological pitfalls that have derailed our ability to produce protective vaccines against intracellular pathogens for finfish. Overall, the synopsis put forth herein advocates for a shift in vaccine design to include CMI-based vaccines against intracellular pathogens currently adversely affecting the aquaculture industry.

show abstract

Section: Vaccination and Adaptive Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish

Munang’andu

2018

Microorganisms

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yamasaki et al [ 90 ] further demonstrated the importance of cell-mediated immunity against E. tarda infection using vaccine trials comparing the effects of live versus formalin-killed bacteria. In their previous studies vaccination with formalin-killed cells (FKC) was not as successful as a live attenuated vaccine in protecting fish against E. tarda infection.…”

Section: Function Of Fish T Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cells in Fish

Nakanishi

Shibasaki

Matsuura

2015

Biology

Self Cite

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cartilaginous and bony fish are the most primitive vertebrates with a thymus, and possess T cells equivalent to those in mammals. There are a number of studies in fish demonstrating that the thymus is the essential organ for development of T lymphocytes from early thymocyte progenitors to functionally competent T cells. A high number of T cells in the intestine and gills has been reported in several fish species. Involvement of CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells in allograft rejection and graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) has been demonstrated using monoclonal antibodies. Conservation of CD4+ helper T cell functions among teleost fishes has been suggested in a number studies employing mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and hapten/carrier effect. Alloantigen- and virus-specific cytotoxicity has also been demonstrated in ginbuna and rainbow trout. Furthermore, the important role of cell-mediated immunity rather than humoral immunity has been reported in the protection against intracellular bacterial infection. Recently, the direct antibacterial activity of CD8α+, CD4+ T-cells and sIgM+ cells in fish has been reported. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in T cell research focusing on the tissue distribution and function of fish T cells.

show abstract

“…In some situations, vaccines are more economical and effective than antibiotics; antibiotics are efficient for managing bacterial infections but can result in the production of antibiotic-resistant bacteria 14 15 . Recently, whole-cell E. tarda vaccines have been investigated, and studies have indicated that formalin-killed cells are ineffective in protecting against E. tarda infection, whereas a live attenuated vaccine strategy is more effective 16 17 . However, the mechanisms underlying this differential protection are largely unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

TolC plays a crucial role in immune protection conferred by Edwardsiella tarda whole-cell vaccines

Wang

Peng

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although vaccines developed from live organisms have better efficacy than those developed from dead organisms, the mechanisms underlying this differential efficacy remain unexplored. In this study, we combined sub-immunoproteomics with immune challenge to investigate the action of the outer membrane proteome in the immune protection conferred by four Edwardsiella tarda whole-cell vaccines prepared via different treatments and to identify protective immunogens that play a key role in this immune protection. Thirteen spots representing five outer membrane proteins and one cytoplasmic protein were identified, and it was found that their abundance was altered in relation with the immune protective abilities of the four vaccines. Among these proteins, TolC and OmpA were found to be the key immunogens conferring the first and second highest degrees of protection, respectively. TolC was detected in the two effective vaccines (live and inactivated-30-F). The total antiserum and anti-OmpA titers were higher for the two effective vaccines than for the two ineffective vaccines (inactivated-80-F and inactivated-100). Further evidence demonstrated that the live and inactivated-30-F vaccines demonstrated stronger abilities to induce CD8+ and CD4+ T cell differentiation than the other two evaluated vaccines. Our results indicate that the outer membrane proteome changes dramatically following different treatments, which contributes to the effectiveness of whole-cell vaccines.Vaccines are the most effective strategy to control infectious diseases caused by pathogens 1,2 . The type of vaccine can be differentiated based on preparation methods, of which whole-cell vaccines were the earliest developed and are currently in wide use 3 . There are two types of whole bacterial vaccine: the live vaccine and the inactivated vaccine. Inactivated vaccines comprise several subtypes, categorized based on the method of vaccine preparation 4 . In most cases, higher immune protection is detected with live vaccines than with inactivated cells or with vaccines prepared at lower temperatures compared to higher temperatures 5,6 . The strong immune protection induced by live vaccines is attributed to the possibility that live vaccines may mimic natural infection, including secreted proteins, and thus naturally evoke the full immune response of the host 7,8 . This hypothesis partly explains the differential immune protective abilities of different types of vaccines but does not actually provide answers regarding how inactivated vaccines derived from the same cells but treated via different methods lead to the induction of differential immune protection. Given that bacterial proteins may stimulate or inhibit host immune responses 9,10 , we reasoned that whole-cell vaccines stimulate host immunity by placing all surface proteins in contact with the host immune system rather than a single surface protein; thus, the resulting immunity derives from the immune responses stimulated by all of the surface proteins, regardless of whether they stimulate or inhi...

show abstract

Comparative analysis of adaptive immune response after vaccine trials using live attenuated and formalin-killed cells of Edwardsiella tarda in ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii)

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish

Intracellular Bacterial Infections: A Challenge for Developing Cellular Mediated Immunity Vaccines for Farmed Fish

T Cells in Fish

TolC plays a crucial role in immune protection conferred by Edwardsiella tarda whole-cell vaccines

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About