Comparative analysis of acoustic and electromagnetic emissions of rocks

Klyuchkin, V. N.; Новиков, В. А.; Okunev, V. I.; Zeigarnik, V. A.

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/929/1/012013

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…This skepticism has made it challenging to overcome the prevailing paradigm that denies the existence of pre-earthquake phenomena [39]. To bridge this gap, considerable attention has been directed toward experiments conducted on rock samples, offering valuable insights into the behavior of pre-failure physics [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. These studies have explored various phenomena, such as multiscale cracking, rock electrification, changes in acoustic emissions, increases in internal damage, or alterations in strain and stress [52][53][54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subduction as a Smoothing Machine: How Multiscale Dissipation Relates Precursor Signals to Fault Geometry

Venegas-Aravena

Cordaro

2023

Geosciences

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Understanding the process of earthquake preparation is of utmost importance in mitigating the potential damage caused by seismic events. That is why the study of seismic precursors is fundamental. However, the community studying non-seismic precursors relies on measurements, methods, and theories that lack a causal relationship with the earthquakes they claim to predict, generating skepticism among classical seismologists. Nonetheless, in recent years, a group has emerged that seeks to bridge the gap between these communities by applying fundamental laws of physics, such as the application of the second law of thermodynamics in multiscale systems. These systems, characterized by describing irreversible processes, are described by a global parameter called thermodynamic fractal dimension, denoted as D. A decrease in D indicates that the system starts seeking to release excess energy on a macroscopic scale, increasing entropy. It has been found that the decrease in D prior to major earthquakes is related to the increase in the size of microcracks and the emission of electromagnetic signals in localized zones, as well as the decrease in the ratio of large to small earthquakes known as the b-value. However, it is still necessary to elucidate how D, which is also associated with the roughness of surfaces, relates to other rupture parameters such as residual energy, magnitude, or fracture energy. Hence, this work establishes analytical relationships among them. Particularly, it is found that larger magnitude earthquakes with higher residual energy are associated with smoother faults. This indicates that the pre-seismic processes, which give rise to both seismic and non-seismic precursor signals, must also be accompanied by changes in the geometric properties of faults. Therefore, it can be concluded that all types of precursors (seismic or non-seismic), changes in fault smoothness, and the occurrence of earthquakes are different manifestations of the same multiscale dissipative system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subduction as a Smoothing Machine: How Multiscale Dissipation Relates Precursor Signals to Fault Geometry

Venegas-Aravena

Cordaro

2023

Geosciences

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Fractal Clustering as Spatial Variability of Magnetic Anomalies Measurements for Impending Earthquakes and the Thermodynamic Fractal Dimension

2022

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Several studies focusing on the anomalies of one specific parameter (such as magnetic, ionospheric, radon release, temperature, geodetic, etc.) before impending earthquakes are constantly challenged because their results can be regarded as noise, false positives or are not related to earthquakes at all. This rise concerns the viability of studying isolated physical phenomena before earthquakes. Nevertheless, it has recently been shown that all of the complexity of these pre-earthquake anomalies rises because they could share the same origin. Particularly, the evolution and concentration of uniaxial stresses within rock samples have shown the generation of fractal crack clustering before the macroscopic failure. As there are studies which considered that the magnetic anomalies are created by lithospheric cracks in the seismo-electromagnetic theory, it is expected that the crack clustering is a spatial feature of magnetic and non-magnetic anomalies measurements in ground, atmospheric and ionospheric environments. This could imply that the rise of multiparametric anomalies at specific locations and times, increases the reliability of impending earthquake detections. That is why this work develops a general theory of fractal-localization of different anomalies within the lithosphere in the framework of the seismo-electromagnetic theory. In addition, a general description of the fractal dimension in terms of scaling entropy change is obtained. This model could be regarded as the basis of future early warning systems for catastrophic earthquakes.

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Comparative analysis of acoustic and electromagnetic emissions of rocks

Cited by 2 publications

References 17 publications

Subduction as a Smoothing Machine: How Multiscale Dissipation Relates Precursor Signals to Fault Geometry

Subduction as a Smoothing Machine: How Multiscale Dissipation Relates Precursor Signals to Fault Geometry

Fractal Clustering as Spatial Variability of Magnetic Anomalies Measurements for Impending Earthquakes and the Thermodynamic Fractal Dimension

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