Comparative analysis between psychological and endoscopic profiles in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: A prospective study based on screening endoscopy

Abstract

Psychological characteristics predict likelihood of GERD symptoms but not structural state of esophagus. Male gender and obesity are risk factors for erosive esophagitis; whereas female gender and neuroticism are more likely to be associated with GERD symptoms.

Review article: gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease and psychological comorbidity

“…However, studies did not find a specific correlation between psychological comorbidity and oesophageal mucosal damage or extent of oesophageal acid exposure. 4 Fass et al 26 demonstrated in their study that an acute stressor resulted in increased oesophageal sensitivity to acid perfusion in both erosive oesophagitis and NERD patients. Naliboff et al 25 …”

“…15,16 Psychological characteristics predict likelihood of GERD symptoms. 4 GERD patients with a high frequency of symptoms and long duration of disease have increased psychological distress. However, studies did not find a relationship between psychological comorbidity as determined by the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) and pH testing or endoscopic results.…”

“…However, studies have demonstrated that the presence of psychological abnormality in a patient with GERD is not predictive of any of the GERD phenotypes. 4,5 The underlying mechanism by which psychological comorbidity alters frequency and severity of GERD symptoms remains to be elucidated. Stress, for example, has been shown to result in disassociation between symptoms and oesophageal acid exposure.…”

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

“…The previous studies showed that male gender is a risk factor for erosive esophagitis; whereas female is more likely to be associated with NERD [21,22] . Less parietal cell mass in women may be underlining reasons for the lower risk of GE [23] .…”

Psychological Comorbidity and Chronic Heartburn: Which Is the Chicken and Which Is the Egg?

“…Furthermore, according to several studies of psychological comorbidities in GERD patients, anxiety, depression, and somatization are significantly more common as compared with normal controls [8,9]. There is evidence that increased severity of GERD, as determined by frequency and duration of symptoms, is more likely to be associated with psychological distress [10]. Interestingly, no relationship has been established between psychological comorbidity and pH testing or mucosal pathology; furthermore, the presence or absence of psychological comorbidity is not predictive of any of the GERD phenotypes [10][11][12].…”