Comparative alteration in atherogenic indices and hypocholesteremic effect of palm oil and palm oil mill effluent in normal albino rats

Abstract

The comparative hypocholesteremic effect of feeding palm oil and palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated in male albino rats. Diets were prepared and designed to contain 50% of energy as carbohydrate, 35% as fat, and 15% as protein. Groups of six rats were each fed one of these diets, while a group was fed pelletized mouse chow which served as the control. Feeding on palm oil and POME led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and vLDL. Feeding on POME led to significant increase (p < 0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels in brain tissues. Increased hepatic LDL level was also observed in POME fed rats. Except for hepatic triglyceride and tissues HDL level, a rather reduced level of the studied lipids was observed in the serum and tissues of palm oil fed rats compared to POME. These results indicate the protective potentials of palm oil against cardiovascular disease, as well as hyperlipidemia that characterize obesity and hypertension; as compared to its effluent.

The Effects of Palm Oil on Plasma and Serum Lipid Parameters: A Systematic Review on Animal Intervention Studies

“…These two pools of data demonstrated a significant finding on the safe consumption of this oil, as well as a potential agent to reduce the concentration of LDL-C. It is important to note that out of the nine studies, only one study reported unfavorable effects of the PO on serum or plasma LDL-C concentration after 6 weeks of consumption, in which the amount of oil incorporated into the diet was the highest (35%) among other studies selected in this review (26). Despite the significant increment in serum LDL-C concentration, Ajiboye et al reported no changes in other lipid variables such as TC, TG and HDL-C compared to the control group.…”

“…Another two studies conducted showed that the animals were provided with 1 mL of palm olein per day (route of administration was not mentioned) (30) and 2.5 mL of PO per day given through the oral administration (25). The majority of the studies used serum [ (24)(25)(26)(27), (28,29,31)] for the lipid profile analysis. All studies measured four lipid variables (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C) in their lipid profile study.…”

“…No changes of TC were observed in these six studies, indicating that PO and palm olein are safe for consumption and do not possess any harmful effects. The range of PO and palm olein mixed into the diet was as low as 7% (29) and as high as 35% (26).…”

“…The elevation of serum or plasma TG concentration above a normal range will lead to hypertriglyceridemia, which will eventually increase the risk to CVD such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis (21)(22)(23). A pool data from four studies reported insignificant changes of TG compared to control group, which indicates the safe consumption of PO and palm olein (25)(26)(27)31). Another two studies supported the safe consumption of PO and palm olein through the significant reduction of TG, which reflects the potential of this oil in treating hypertriglyceridemia (29,32).…”

Ameliorative Effect of the Oral Administration of Chuquiraga spinosa in a Murine Model of Breast Cancer Induced with 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)

“…19 The HDL-cholesterol level was determined with the method of Ajiboye. 20 The level of triglycerides was estimated according to Deori method. 21 Mohun and Cook methods were used to determine the Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level.…”