Comparative Account of Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Probiotics and Their Antimicrobial Activity Against Challenging Pathogens

Abstract

The present work focusses on development of a safe, inexpensive, and more accessible source for biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Four different in-house probiotic isolates, i.e., Lactobacillus pentosus S6, Lactobacillus plantarum F22, Lactobacillus crustorum F11, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum KM1 isolated from different food sources, were used in the current study to check their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. All the probiotic-synthesized silver nanoparticles show maximum surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at a peak of 450 nm, which confirms the formation of silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis identified the shape and distribution of silver nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the average size of synthesized nanoparticles in the range of 10–50 nm, with the smallest size of 5 nm for silver nanoparticles synthesized by L. crustorum F11. Further, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) detected the presence of different functional groups responsible for reduction of silver ion to form silver nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of these AgNPs was also found to be effective against different bacterial and fungal pathogens, viz., antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pythium aphanidermatum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phytopthora parasitica. However, L. crustorum F11–synthesized AgNP showed maximum inhibition against all the bacterial and fungal pathogens, with highest against S. aureus (20 ± 0.61 mm) and F. oxysporum (23 ± 0.37). Findings from this study provide a durable and eco-friendly method for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, having strong antimicrobial activity against different multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Graphical abstract

Inhibition of Biofilm and Virulence Properties of Pathogenic Bacteria by Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lactiplantibacillus sp. Strain C1

“…These observed absorption peaks in C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs are in close accord with previously produced NPs utilizing natural materials. 47 − 49 The spherical form of the C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs is consistent with nanoparticles previously synthesized utilizing microbial extracts. 43 , 50 , 51 Similarly, the sizes of C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs were comparable to previously reported green synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs.…”

“…The confirmation of the synthesized AuNPs was made based on a visual inspection of the color change from yellow to red wine, whereas for AgNPs, the formation of precipitates was considered confirmation. 46 , 47 Furthermore, the appearance of particular absorption peaks at 560 nm and 400 nm was considered evidence for the synthesis of C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs. These observed absorption peaks in C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs are in close accord with previously produced NPs utilizing natural materials.…”

“…The confirmation of the synthesized AuNPs was made based on a visual inspection of the color change from yellow to red wine, whereas for AgNPs, the formation of precipitates was considered confirmation. , Furthermore, the appearance of particular absorption peaks at 560 nm and 400 nm was considered evidence for the synthesis of C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs. These observed absorption peaks in C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs are in close accord with previously produced NPs utilizing natural materials. − The spherical form of the C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs is consistent with nanoparticles previously synthesized utilizing microbial extracts. ,, Similarly, the sizes of C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs were comparable to previously reported green synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs . The high negative values of the zeta potential of C1-AuNPs and C1-AgNPs, such as −23.29 ± 1.17 and −30.57 ± 0.29 mV, indicate stable NPs and are consistent with prior findings …”

A Review of Immunomodulatory Reprogramming by Probiotics in Combating Chronic and Acute Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs)

“…Microbes are considered to be capable producers of NPs using elements such as silver (Ag), selenium (Se), gold (Au), and copper (Cu), which have enhanced therapeutic values. To this end, environmentally friendly and economic probiotics such as L. paraplantarum and L. crustorum, L. delbrukii, and L. plantarum are extensively being used to treat various pathological conditions (antibacterial, antioxidant, or even chronic biofilm conditions) [189]. The use of biogenic NPs using probiotic microbes showed a beneficial effect on chronic DFU infections because the above NPs could strongly produce ROS that efficiently degraded cell walls, could be synergistically used with other antimicrobial compounds to enhance immune cell activation, and could act as an anti-biofilm agent.…”

Utilization of novel bacteriocin synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for their application in antimicrobial packaging for preservation of tomato fruit

“…The use of bacteriocin in packaging is a new concept and can be used to prevent spoilage and hence increase the stability of food products for longer periods (Chikindas et al, 2018;Silva et al, 2018). We have already utilized probiotics to synthesize silver nanoparticles and determined their antimicrobial potential in our previous study (Sharma et al, 2022b). In the present study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles using purified bacteriocins obtained from three different in-house potential probiotics.…”