“…No side effects of nebulized morphine, apart from minor sedation ranked 1 in RSS, were recorded in a prospective trial in thoracic trauma patients, conducted by Nejmi et al [23] The authors randomized 40 patients to receive either repeated doses of 8 mg nebulized morphine or epidural bupivacaine for 48 hours. The analgesic effect, where the primary endpoint was to obtain a pain VAS score of less than 4, was similar in both treatment arms, as well as sedation [23] . In a prospective, uncontrolled study performed by Bounes et al, a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg nebulized morphine was unable to provide satisfactory analgesia, that is, a pain numeric rating scale (NRS) of 30/100 or lower [24] .…”