Comparable estimates of out-of-pocket payment on hospitalisation and outpatient services in India, 2004-18

Mohanty, Sanjay K.; Padhi, Balakrushna; Singh, Rajeev Ranjan; Sahoo, Umakanta

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.101139

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Similarly, Deshmukh and Vyavahare (2018) defined that the monthly per capita consumption expenditure has been significantly increasing on non‐food items and decreasing the food items in both the urban and rural areas after post‐globalisation in India. However, the consumption expenditure for the households and the household heads' in the country is also so high due not only to their day‐to‐day consumption expenditure but also to their increasing expenditures on health and education (Choudhury & Kumar, 2022; Deshmukh & Vyavahare, 2018; Mohanty et al, 2022; Nayak & Jatav, 2023).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do informal workers meet the consumption expenditure? A study from urban Odisha, India

Barik

2024

Journal of Public Affairs

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In developing countries like India, the majority of the workforce is informal. There is no specific study about the important factors that influence the consumption expenditure of informal workers working in urban areas. The purpose of this paper, thus, is to identify the determinants of the consumption expenditures of urban informal workers, and the same is explored with respect to migration and gender. In this regard, a primary survey was conducted at the household level of the informal sector workers following the method of multi‐stage stratified sampling. The method of analysis of variance and a binary logistic regression model is employed. The inferences of the study explained that the expenditure pattern of the informal worker depends on socio‐economic factors—age group, income level and essential commodities like milk, kerosene, oil and child education. The study also highlights the fact that the informal workers are dragged into the web of a vicious circle of poverty due to a higher level of consumption expenditure than income and demonstrates the effect of betel‐tendu leaf mini cigarette‐tobacco‐alcohol. Hence, it is desirable that the policymakers should frame a regulated subsidised pricing policy for essential commodities as well as increase the minimum wage rate in order to strengthen the basic consumption expenditure of the informal workers.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do informal workers meet the consumption expenditure? A study from urban Odisha, India

Barik

2024

Journal of Public Affairs

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“…69% of total health expenditure (Mohanty et al, 2022). The barriers to accessing health services include geographical accessibility, availability, affordability and acceptabilitynowhere more so than in India (Neelakantan and Kulkarni, 2023) with low levels of literacy, stigma, discrimination, sociocultural factors and deep-rooted religious and cultural beliefs about mental disorders (Elshamy et al, 2023).…”

Section: Mental Health and The Treatment Gap In Kerala Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only 1% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) is allocated to health, of which a fraction is dedicated to mental health (Pal, 2020). Estimated out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses account for a whopping 69% of total health expenditure (Mohanty et al , 2022). The barriers to accessing health services include geographical accessibility, availability, affordability and acceptability – nowhere more so than in India (Neelakantan and Kulkarni, 2023) with low levels of literacy, stigma, discrimination, sociocultural factors and deep-rooted religious and cultural beliefs about mental disorders (Elshamy et al , 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and sustainability of Indian mental health: evaluating volunteer-based community mental health clinics with a complex adaptive system framework

Kumar,

Bos,

de Wit

et al. 2024

JMHTEP

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Purpose This study aims to evaluate how a community psychiatry model, referred to as the Mental Health Action Trust (MHAT) in India, provides decentralized care and comprehensive services to people with severe mental illness living in poverty. Using the complex adaptive system (CAS) framework, the authors aim to understand the factors that contribute to the diverse outcomes of the MHAT community mental health programme as observed in four different locations. Design/methodology/approach Four MHAT clinics were purposively chosen from two districts in Kerala. A comparative case study methodology was used to document each clinic’s MHAT services and activities, as found during field visits and interviews with staff members and volunteers. Findings The study shows that all four clinics met the basic aim of providing free, quality mental health care to the poorest populations, although not all aspects of the comprehensive model could be equally provided. Alignment with the MHAT vision, appropriate leadership, the relationship with partners and their level of community engagement determined the varied success between clinics. Originality/value The current study evaluation stresses that community ownership is crucial. Careful attention must be paid to the characteristics of selected partners, including their leadership styles and ability to garner resources.

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“…26,27 Though health insurance coverage has increased from 4.8% in 2005-06 to 28.7% by 2015-16, OOP and CHE have remained high. 28,29 With the changing demography, family structure, disease pattern, and high OOP, middle-aged adults and the elderly are the most vulnerable sub-group of the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixty‐three percent of deaths are due to non‐communicable diseases (NCDs), and NCDs are the leading cause of hospitalisation and disability 26,27 . Though health insurance coverage has increased from 4.8% in 2005–06 to 28.7% by 2015–16, OOP and CHE have remained high 28,29 . With the changing demography, family structure, disease pattern, and high OOP, middle‐aged adults and the elderly are the most vulnerable sub‐group of the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old‐age dependency and catastrophic health expenditure: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India

Mohanty

Sahoo

Rashmi

2022

Health Planning & Management

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Background Out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) have a strong age gradient. Though studies have examined the socio‐demographic and geographic inequality in OOP payments and CHE in India, the role of old‐age dependency in financial catastrophe remains unclear. Disaggregated estimates of CHE by the level of old‐age dependency of households may help identify the most vulnerable sub‐group and provide evidence for specific policies for the financial protection and health care of the elderly. The present study aims to estimate the incidence and intensity of CHE by the old‐age dependency of households among middle‐aged adults and the elderly in India. Methods A total of 42,949 households from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017–18, covering households with at least one‐member aged 45+ years, were included in the analysis. Households were classified into three mutually exclusive groups: no old‐age dependency, low old‐age dependency, and high old‐age dependency. The incidence and intensity of CHE were estimated using the capacity‐to‐pay (CTP) approach. Concentration indices and concentration curves examine the extent of socioeconomic inequality in CHE. Binary logistic regression helps to understand the potential predictors of CHE across each type of old‐age‐dependent household. Results We estimated the overall incidence of CHE at 24.6% (95% CI: 23.3–25.8) among middle‐aged adults and the elderly in India. The incidence was 33.2% (95% CI: 31.4–35.1) among households with high old‐age dependency, 23.1% (95% CI: 20.8–25.5) among those with low old‐age dependency, and 20.4% (95% CI: 19.0–21.7) among no old‐age dependency households. CHE intensity was highest among households with low old‐age dependency compared to those no old‐age dependents. Catastrophic health expenditure was higher among the poorer households in each type of old‐age dependency. Among all households, the odds of incurring CHE were higher among households with high old‐age dependency (AOR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.36–1.69) than those with no old‐age dependency. Lower‐income households, households with pensions as the main source of income, households belonging to scheduled castes, and households residing in rural areas had higher odds of incurring CHE. The co‐variates of CHE varied significantly across the type of old‐age dependency households. A household's enrolment into a health insurance scheme did not necessarily lower its CHE. Conclusion Households with high old‐age dependency had a higher probability of incurring CHE in India. Providing preventive and curative geriatric care in primary health centres (PHC) is recommended.

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Comparable estimates of out-of-pocket payment on hospitalisation and outpatient services in India, 2004-18

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Do informal workers meet the consumption expenditure? A study from urban Odisha, India

Do informal workers meet the consumption expenditure? A study from urban Odisha, India

Challenges and sustainability of Indian mental health: evaluating volunteer-based community mental health clinics with a complex adaptive system framework

Old‐age dependency and catastrophic health expenditure: Evidence from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India

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