Comparable effect of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and mesenchymal stem cells for wound healing: An in vivo study

Abstract

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been known to have angiogenic potency, particularly for wound healing. However, it is such a cumbersome procedure to obtain a large amount of MSCs due to the culture process. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF), or so called nonexpanded MSCs, of adipose tissue is gaining increased interest in the field of cell therapy. An optimized method that takes only 2 hours to produce a large amount of stromal cells from adipose tissue has been developed. Burn wound model was used to assess the efficacy of SVF produced by our method. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of SVF compared to MSCs. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats with second degree burn wound were divided into the study groups: SVF, MSCs and saline control. The wound was photographed and evaluated weekly up to 5 weeks. The comparative analysis consisted of healing time, histology of skin tissue, as well as rat and human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Results: In this study, wounds treated with SVF and MSCs were smaller after 14−21 days, compared to the untreated group. Expression of rat VEGF in SVF and MSC-treated groups after seven days post-wounded were also higher than the untreated group. No human VEGF was found expressed in the skin biopsies. Conclusion: This suggests that SVF and MSCs promote wound healing via a paracrine effect. The results suggest that SVF may be useful for wound healing and may be used as a promising alternative to MSC-based therapy.

Burn Wound Healing: Clinical Complications, Medical Care, Treatment, and Dressing Types: The Current State of Knowledge for Clinical Practice

“…After enzymatic digestion of the fat, followed by centrifugation, a stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is obtained, which is subsequently used for the isolation of a pure population of stem cells [129,130]. Apart from ADSCs (10-30%), SVF contains other cells (e.g., pericytes, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells), cytokines, and GFs, having strong immunomodulatory, pro-angiogenic, and pro-healing properties [131][132][133]. Importantly, SVF has been proved to have great potential to be used in the treatment of chronic and burn wounds.…”

A Chitosan-Based Biomaterial Combined with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration

“…The expression of CD90 is important for the wound healing process as it promotes angiogenesis and accelerates wound closure, which is closely related to the perfusion of damaged tissue [28]. The equally high expression of CD105 promises a positive effect in the wound healing process, because its interaction with the receptor for pro-angiogenic TGF-β [29]. The expression of CD44 is connected with wound healing, too.…”

A Concise Review on Tissue Engineered Artificial Skin Grafts for Chronic Wound Treatment: Can We Reconstruct Functional Skin Tissue In Vitro?

“…Thus, hydrogel biomaterials made of natural polymers (collagen, fibrin, chitosan, or HA) or their composites with synthetic materials would not only provide appropriate moisture and oxygen supply at the wound site, but would also be perfect for encapsulation of the cells and GFs. The porous hypodermal layer of the ideal skin graft could be bioprinted with adipose tissue-derived SVF, which is a mixture of anti-inflammatory cytokines, GFs as well as various mature and stem cells (fibroblasts, muscle cells, endothelial cells, ADSCs, pericytes, hematopoietic stem cells) [41][42][43]. Therefore, the SVF-enriched hypodermal layer would have immunomodulatory properties and the ability to promote skin regeneration and vascularization.…”

“…ADSCs are isolated from stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is typically obtained by digestion of adipose tissue with collagenase, followed by few cycles of centrifugation [39,40]. The SVF is a mixture of stem cells (10-30% of ADSCs, pericytes, hematopoietic stem cells), mature cells (fibroblasts, muscle cells, endothelial cells, and blood cells), as well as various cytokines and GFs, and thus it reveals strong immunomodulatory properties and the ability to promote skin regeneration, which is comparable or even better than activity recorded for ADSCs [41][42][43]. Atalay et al [40] applied SVF for the treatment of burn wounds in a rat model.…”