Compaction localization in the Earth and the laboratory: state of the research and research directions

Holcomb, David J.; Rudnicki, John W.; Issen, Kathleen A.; Sternlof, Kurt

doi:10.1007/s11440-007-0027-y

Cited by 106 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Outside the band, there are few cracks. It is a deformation localization structure that occurs in the brittle-ductile transition regime of clastic sedimentary rocks with porosity exceeding about 16% [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity

Han

Liu

Wang

2013

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Since Mollema and Antonellini observed compaction bands in the field in 1996, different patterns of compaction bands have been found in laboratory experiments. There are some discrepancies between the laboratory experiments and the field observations: compared to the field observation, the stress levels required to induce compaction bands in laboratory experiments are usually higher than the inferred in the field, and the grain crushing are more intense in the laboratory experiments. In this paper, compaction bands were observed at the maximal principal stresses below 8 MPa, which is lower than the stress level inferred in the field, and there was no severe comminution inside the compaction bands. Experimental results indicate that the porosity and confining pressure have great impacts on the types of localization bands. Lower porosity and confining pressure can promote the growth of shear bands and high-angle shear bands. Higher porosity and confining pressure can promote the growth of discrete compaction bands. Intermediate porosity and confining pressure are favorable for the growth of hybrid modes involving two of the three, i.e., discrete compaction band, diffuse compaction band and high-angle shear band. The formation of discrete compaction bands is more unstable compared to diffuse compaction bands. The two types of compaction bands can appear in the same type rocks, and diffuse compaction bands are formed under lower confining pressure compared to discrete compaction bands. The reduction of permeability was within 2 orders of magnitude in this study, and it is 23 orders of magnitude lower than those obtained by other researchers. porous rock, compaction band, permeability evolution Citation:Han G F, Liu X L, Wang E Z. Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity

Han

Liu

Wang

2013

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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“…These features do not always correspond to those observed in situ, where CBs are likely to form at modest burial and tectonic stresses, mostly in uncemented sand [Holcomb et al, 2007]. Moreover, the laboratory end platens, constituting a stiffer interface, do not appear appropriate to generate CB-genic wave reflections in the frame of our analysis (Figure 14).…”

Section: 1002/2014jb011060mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…CBs constitute a limiting case of deformation bands where compaction occurs in the absence of macroscopic shear deformation [Holcomb et al, 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical effects during compaction band formation affecting their spatial periodicity

Cecinato

Gajo

2014

JGR Solid Earth

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Compaction bands (CBs) are responsible for significant anisotropy alterations of permeability in geological materials; hence, understanding their formation conditions appears of key importance to all applications involving fluid extraction/injection from/into the ground. While most of the available models to understand CB formation are focused on interpreting the onset of a single CB, little effort has been so far dedicated to understand the documented periodicity of CBs. In this paper, the role of dynamical effects in inducing the post onset evolution of CBs is analyzed by means of a dedicated model for porous media with compressible constituents, with reference to a horizontal layer of sandy, water-saturated material. Elastic waves are generated as a first CB occurs due to sudden, localized volumetric collapse. If the waves are reflected at the interface with a softer material or with a previously formed CB, they produce significant local effective stress concentrations, which can promote the formation of further CBs in a cascade fashion, according to a regular geometric pattern. The spatial distribution of dynamically generated CBs, as well as the extent of the phenomenon, depends on the geometry of the domain and on the material's permeability. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to assess the key properties that promote dynamical CB in situ formation, identifying as the most influential conditions large stratum stiffness (increasing with depth) and the presence of softer layers. In contrast, the presence of less permeable and/or stiffer layers is not believed to play a major role in the proposed mechanism.

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“…It has also been observed in the experimentally produced compaction bands that catalasis and grain comminution are involved in the porosity reduction [Holcomb et al, 2007]. Both PSSs and compaction bands are characterized primarily by volume reduction and they are referred to as localized volume reduction structures 1 (LVRSs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of pressure solution seam growth and evolution

Zhou

Aydin

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Pressure solution seams (PSSs) can be idealized as localized volume reduction structures (LVRSs) in terms of their mechanics. Previous mechanical analyses of LVRSs, including compaction bands, showed that the normal stresses at the tips of LVRSs are compressive and significantly amplified with respect to the remote stresses, whereas on the flanks they are slightly reduced. These results can be used to rationalize the in-plane growth of PSSs for a certain distance, however, based on these stress conditions alone, it is not possible to explain the widening and transverse coalescence of PSSs. In this study, based on laboratory and field observations that the PSS surfaces are extremely rough, we introduced asperities with triangular, semicircular, and rectangular geometries on the flanks of the LVRSs into our mechanical model to see if these asperities can raise stresses in these locations, which may rationalize the transverse growth of PSSs. It is found that these asperities can produce strong stress perturbations on the LVRS flanks thereby inducing a significant increase in the compressive normal stresses. In addition, to account for the rate factor of the pressure solution process, a creep law was adopted to simulate growth and coalescence of the LVRSs. Using the calculated normal compressive stresses and volumetric plastic strains as proxy for the growth, we show that (1) a single LVRS is able to grow both laterally and transversely for a short distance and (2) two in-plane aligned neighboring LVRSs with a short distance between the adjacent tips and two parallel echelon and overlapped LVRSs with a small spacing may be able to link and coalesce to form a longer and wider LVRS, respectively. The influences of the LVRS geometric configurations, the material properties within the LVRSs, and the distance and spacing of the aligned in-plane, echelon, and overlapping neighboring parallel LVRSs on the growth and coalescence of the LVRSs are investigated and their implications specifically for the PSSs are also discussed.

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Compaction localization in the Earth and the laboratory: state of the research and research directions

Cited by 106 publications

References 68 publications

Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity

Experimental study on formation mechanism of compaction bands in weathered rocks with high porosity

Dynamical effects during compaction band formation affecting their spatial periodicity

Mechanics of pressure solution seam growth and evolution

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