Compactação De Um Cambissolo Causada Por Máquinas De Colheita Florestal Espacializada Com Geoestatística

Abstract

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o impacto e a extensão em que Resistência à Penetração (RP) de um Cambissolo Húmico é afetada pelo tráfego de máquinas de colheita da madeira em povoamentos de Pinus taeda, utilizando métodos geoestatísticos. O estudo foi conduzido em áreas de uma empresa florestal localizada em Santa Catarina. Os tratamentos avaliados advieram da simulação de diferentes intensidades de tráfego. Foram realizadas leituras de RP nas trilhas de passagem dos rodados das máquinas e transversalmente em intervalos de 0,25 até 1,00 m e entre rodados, perfazendo uma malha de 5 x 20 m, sendo 55 pontos por tratamento e 330 no total, com dados obtidos em intervalos de 0,01 m até 0,80 m de profundidade. Os dados foram avaliados por estatística descritiva e ajustaram-se modelos de semivariogramas para análise da dependência espacial e posterior realização de krigagem ordinária. Houve grande amplitude e variação da RP e predominância de ajuste de semivariogramas do tipo gaussiano, com forte grau de dependência espacial, de 0,774 a 0,929, e alcance variando de 0,83 a 2,12 m. Os métodos geoestatísticos permitiram determinar a extensão dos efeitos do tráfego, podendo servir de subsídio para melhoria no manejo do solo e planejamento das operações florestais.

Soil compaction during harvest operations in five tropical soils with different textures under eucalyptus forests

“…This is most likely due to the higher contents of clay in samples from Capão Bonito when compared to those from Três Lagoas. The soil classes from Três Lagoas has single grain structure, with little cohesion between particles, while those from Capão Bonito has sub-angular blocky structure, which promote higher load bearing capacity because of higher interparticle cohesion (Oliveira et al, 2011;Lopes, 2016). Ampoorter et al (2007) and Andrade et al (2017) Number of undisturbed soil samples collected in each soil class from the studied sites after harvest and logging operations.…”

Soil Compaction Due to Wood Harvesting Traffic at Different Extraction Distances

“…stand on Oxisol, concluding that the machine traffic affected the PR up to 0.45 m of depth. Sampietro & Lopes (2016) in studying an Inceptisol verified that an increase in the number of feller bunchers and skidders caused an intensification of soil penetration resistance after the first machine passes, with the clearest signs in the deepest soil layers.…”

“…In relation to these factors, traffic intensity is an important component that affects soil compaction during wood harvesting due to the use of large machines that usually travel several times over the same place. This situation contributes to increasing the soil compaction of these sites, causing alterations in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, and consequently in the sustainability of the forest ecosystem 2016).…”

“…On the other hand, it should be mentioned that soil compaction is greater in the first few wood harvesting machine passes and increases soil density along the traffic tracks which is related to the wheel types, the machine types used in the wood harvesting, and the number of passes (Seixas & Souza, 2007;Sampietro & Lopes, 2016). Dias et al (2003), when comparing two wood harvesting systems on an Oxisol, found that the impacts caused by the feller buncher and skidder were randomly distributed, covering a large area of the stand when compared to the harvester and forwarder system.…”

“…Dias et al (2003), when comparing two wood harvesting systems on an Oxisol, found that the impacts caused by the feller buncher and skidder were randomly distributed, covering a large area of the stand when compared to the harvester and forwarder system. Sampietro & Lopes (2016) evaluated the cross section along a row of traffic of the feller buncher and skidder tractors in an Inceptisol by means of geostatistical techniques. The authors concluded that compaction was influenced by the soil moisture, which was above the field capacity, as well as by the increase in traffic intensity, leading to compaction of the deeper and more distant layers of the machine traffic trails.…”