Compact wide-angle array camera for presence detection

Gassner, Christin; Dunkel, Jens; Oberdörster, Alexander; Brückner, Andreas

doi:10.1117/12.2289852

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Significantly, the FOV of the RDWL is also much wider than all the planar artificial compound eyes ever reported, including 21° and 64.3° for Apposition compound‐eye object (APCOs), 70° × 10°, 58° × 46°, and 53.2° × 39.9° for artificial cluster eyes, and 90.4° for a catadioptric planar eye employing multiple mirrors . The FOV of this RDWEL also breaks the 110° latest record held by a wide‐angle planar camera, and is comparable with some of the curved artificial compound eyes …”

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confidence: 57%

“…We now report a WEL that possesses a seamless and significantly enhanced panoramic FOV of 115°, which originates from a dense, radial distribution of cylindrical waveguide arrays inscribed in a thin, flexible polymer film. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the greatest panoramic FOV of any known planar system . We inscribe such radially distributed WELs (RDWELs) with a large, converging population of self‐trapped filaments in a thermomechanically robust epoxide medium .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Slim Polymer Film with a Seamless Panoramic Field of View: The Radially Distributed Waveguide Encoded Lattice (RDWEL)

Lin

Hosein

Benincasa

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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are not limited by the paraxial operation of classical thin lenses, also offer entirely new opportunities to image wide angular spaces. [21,22] Artificial compound eyes are however predominantly curved or hemispherical constructs including microlens arrays interfaced to photodetectors, [7,16] and elastomeric hemispheres patterned with lenses. [6,[23][24][25] While the fabrication of these architectures typically involves multiple steps and components, soft, single-component eyes have also been generated [26,27] or proposed [28,29] by inducing lens-capped waveguides in UV-polymerizable resins in 2D [26] and 3D [27,28] geometries.Inspired by the collective behavior of ommatidia, we are developing new classes of multifunctional polymer films, which are inscribed with dense arrays or lattices of cylindrical waveguides. [30] In striking contrast to the predominantly hemispherical architectures of natural and artificial compound eyes, these waveguide encoded lattices (WELs) are flexible, slim (≤3 mm), and optically flat, which provides ease of integration into existing light-based technologies such as solar cells, cameras, and smart screens. In addition, distinct from known examples of natural or artificial eyes, WELs also possess translational symmetry, which affords the scalability that is necessary for manufacturing (e.g., roll-to-roll) processes. We generate WELs through a single-step, room-temperature technique that employs large ensembles of nonlinear self-trapped filaments of visible light elicited in photopolymerizable media to permanently inscribe arrays of multimode, polychromatic waveguides. [31][32][33][34] We previously fabricated a WEL consisting of a thin, epoxide film embedded with pentadirectional, intersecting arrays of multimode cylindrical waveguides, which conferred an FOV of 94°, which represented a 66% enhancement relative to an unstructured film. The FOV of this structure corresponded to the sum of the angular acceptance ranges of waveguide arrays oriented along five discrete angles. Significantly, there was no overlap between these five ranges and the consequent discontinuities-or gaps-in the FOV prevented cross-talk between nonparallel waveguides. This, in turn, enabled sophisticated imaging functions such as panoramic imaging, inversion, and focusing that would normally require bulky optics. [30] We now report a WEL that possesses a seamless and significantly enhanced panoramic FOV of 115°, which originatesThe nearly hemispherical field of view (FOV) of arthropodal compound eyes has inspired analogs ranging from curved, lens-patterned domes to planar constructs patterned with microlenses. A radial distribution of cylindrical waveguides that monotonically spans ±33° confers an FOV of 115° to a slim (≤3 mm) polymer film. This is the greatest panoramic FOV reported for any plane-faced, single-component structure. The radially distributed waveguide encoded lattice (RDWEL) waveguides are inscribed in a single, room-temperature step by a large (≈15 000 cm −2 ), converging population of self-trapped...

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confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Slim Polymer Film with a Seamless Panoramic Field of View: The Radially Distributed Waveguide Encoded Lattice (RDWEL)

Lin

Hosein

Benincasa

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Light absorbers such as pigment cells serve as a crucial optical element for highcontrast and high-resolution cameras by reducing the optical crosstalk between microlenses 10,23 . However, conventional light absorbers such as glass stacked diaphragm arrays or machined baffle arrays still have some technical limitations in decreasing the total track length (TTL) of the camera 24,25 . Recently, the replica moulding of black silicone or silicon nanowires also provides optical isolation between microlenses; however, they have some structural restrictions in controlling the amount of incoming light through microlenses 11,26 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Biologically inspired ultrathin arrayed camera for high-contrast and high-resolution imaging

et al. 2020

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Compound eyes found in insects provide intriguing sources of biological inspiration for miniaturised imaging systems. Here, we report an ultrathin arrayed camera inspired by insect eye structures for high-contrast and super-resolution imaging. The ultrathin camera features micro-optical elements (MOEs), i.e., inverted microlenses, multilayered pinhole arrays, and gap spacers on an image sensor. The MOE was fabricated by using repeated photolithography and thermal reflow. The fully packaged camera shows a total track length of 740 μm and a field-of-view (FOV) of 73°. The experimental results demonstrate that the multilayered pinhole of the MOE allows high-contrast imaging by eliminating the optical crosstalk between microlenses. The integral image reconstructed from array images clearly increases the modulation transfer function (MTF) by~1.57 times compared to that of a single channel image in the ultrathin camera. This ultrathin arrayed camera provides a novel and practical direction for diverse mobile, surveillance or medical applications.

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“…These lenses also exhibit larger depth of field (DOF) due to their reduced numerical aperture, which allows near-toinfinity imaging [7]. However, conventional microlenses which consist of stacked refractive lens arrays, still have some technical limitations in decreasing the total track length (TTL) of the camera as they are thicker and suffer from chromatic aberrations [8,9]. Furthermore, these solutions require precision alignment and integration of multiple optical elements [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Super-resolution imaging with an achromatic multi-level diffractive microlens array

et al. 2020

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Compound eyes found in insects provide intriguing sources of biological inspiration for miniaturized imaging systems. Inspired by such insect eye structures, we demonstrate an ultrathin arrayed camera enabled by a flat multilevel diffractive microlens array for super-resolution visible imaging. We experimentally demonstrated that the microlens array can achieve large fill factor (hexagonal close packing with pitch=120µm), thickness of 2.6µm, and diffraction-limited (strehl ratio = 0.88) achromatic performance in the visible band (450nm to 650nm). We also demonstrate super-resolution imaging with resolution improvement of 1.4 times by computationally merging 1600 images in the array.

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Compact wide-angle array camera for presence detection

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

A Slim Polymer Film with a Seamless Panoramic Field of View: The Radially Distributed Waveguide Encoded Lattice (RDWEL)

A Slim Polymer Film with a Seamless Panoramic Field of View: The Radially Distributed Waveguide Encoded Lattice (RDWEL)

Biologically inspired ultrathin arrayed camera for high-contrast and high-resolution imaging

Super-resolution imaging with an achromatic multi-level diffractive microlens array

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