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-band linear accelerator system for ultrafast, ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy

Faillace, L.; Barone, Salvatore; Battistoni, G.; Francesco, Massimo Di; Felici, G.; Ficcadenti, L.; Franciosini, G.; Galante, Federica; Giuliano, Lucia; Grasso, Luigi; Mostacci, A.; Muraro, S.; Pacitti, M.; Palumbo, L.; Patera, V.; Migliorati, M.

doi:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.24.050102

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In addition, recent preclinical studies increasingly support the clinical translation of FLASH radiotherapy (RT). [15][16][17][18] In most studies on the FLASH effect, dedicated electron accelerators [19][20][21][22][23] or modified clinical linear accelerators [24][25][26] were used, delivering electron pulses of ultra-high dose per pulse (UH-DPP) in the range from 0.5 to 10 Gy/pulse. However, these somewhat extreme irradiation conditions are indeed challenging in terms of dosimetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, realization, and characterization of a novel diamond detector prototype for FLASH radiotherapy dosimetry

Marinelli

Felici²,

Galante³

et al. 2022

Medical Physics

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Purpose FLASH radiotherapy (RT) is an emerging technique in which beams with ultra‐high dose rates (UH‐DR) and dose per pulse (UH‐DPP) are used. Commercially available active real‐time dosimeters have been shown to be unsuitable in such conditions, due to severe response nonlinearities. In the present study, a novel diamond‐based Schottky diode detector was specifically designed and realized to match the stringent requirements of FLASH‐RT. Methods A systematic investigation of the main features affecting the diamond response in UH‐DPP conditions was carried out. Several diamond Schottky diode detector prototypes with different layouts were produced at Rome Tor Vergata University in cooperation with PTW‐Freiburg. Such devices were tested under electron UH‐DPP beams. The linearity of the prototypes was investigated up to DPPs of about 26 Gy/pulse and dose rates of approximately 1 kGy/s. In addition, percentage depth dose (PDD) measurements were performed in different irradiation conditions. Radiochromic films were used for reference dosimetry. Results The response linearity of the diamond prototypes was shown to be strongly affected by the size of their active volume as well as by their series resistance. By properly tuning the design layout, the detector response was found to be linear up to at least 20 Gy/pulse, well into the UH‐DPP range conditions. PDD measurements were performed by three different linac applicators, characterized by DPP values at the point of maximum dose of 3.5, 17.2, and 20.6 Gy/pulse, respectively. The very good superimposition of three curves confirmed the diamond response linearity. It is worth mentioning that UH‐DPP irradiation conditions may lead to instantaneous detector currents as high as several mA, thus possibly exceeding the electrometer specifications. This issue was properly addressed in the case of the PTW UNIDOS electrometers. Conclusions The results of the present study clearly demonstrate the feasibility of a diamond detector for FLASH‐RT applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, realization, and characterization of a novel diamond detector prototype for FLASH radiotherapy dosimetry

Marinelli

Felici²,

Galante³

et al. 2022

Medical Physics

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“…than 1% to comply with the dose measurement protocol with a plane parallel ionisation chamber for electron radiotherapy [11]. To achieve this, a conservative position is to require a DR lower than 1% after 4 µs of beam pulse, which is the maximum pulse width value that the ElectronFlash machine (EF) can deliver [3]. The DR must therefore be less than 0.25% • µs −1 to avoid a posteriori numerical DR corrections which depend on the beam pulse shape and irradiation conditions.…”

Section: Jinst 17 P08018mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The popularity of UHDR is due to the FLASH effect, a biological effect that induces a tumour control, as in Conventional Radiotherapy (CONV-RT), and a significant reduction of the toxicities induced on healthy tissues (skin, organs at risk) [2]. There is no indication that the sparing effectiveness of FLASH-RT would rest on the type of radiation but most of the pre-clinical studies investigating the FLASH effect have been conducted so far using electron beams generated by dedicated or modified clinical LINACs with energies not exceeding 20 MeV [3,4]. The chemical and biological mechanisms explaining the FLASH effect are still under investigation, however, a difference in term of oxygen concentration and cell reparation processes might explain the sparing effect between tumour and healthy cells [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low noise optimization of an electron beam current transformer for conventional radiotherapy up to ultra high dose rate irradiations

2022

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Ultra high dose rate electron beams also known as FLASH radiotherapy is becoming of importance in several preclinial cancer treatment studies. However, due to the dose rate used during the irradiation sessions, no real time dose monitoring device exists to date. In this work, we present the development of a beam current transformer (BCT), from the choice of the ferromagnetic component and the realisation of the shielding to the design of a front-end electronics based on a trans-impedance circuit in order to perform a low noise optimization of the detector. The BCT prototype is able to monitor a beam current range from 1.2 μA to 200 mA with a rise time constant better than 20 ns and a droop rate of the signal below 0.05% · μs-1. Preliminary in-situ measurements are also presented. The goal is to combine the BCT system which measure in real time the beam current, to an ionisation chamber monitoring the beam shape and position in order to provide a reliable dose monitoring system.

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“…However, further research is needed to understand the benefits and limitations of this methodology fully and to determine the best use cases for its application in clinical settings. Currently, only a few dedicated electrons linacs are employed for experimental research [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13], ongoing studies and technological advancements aim to make these linacs more compact and cost-effective for highenergy electrons. The ultimate goal is to use these linacs to treat deep tumors with FLASH radiotherapy in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Test of C-band Linac Prototypes for Electron FLASH Radiotherapy

Giuliano,

Bosco,

Carillo

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Flash Therapy is a revolution in cancer cure since it spares healthy tissue from the damage of ionization radiations without decreasing its effectiveness in tumor control. To allow the implementation of the FLASH therapy concept into actual clinical use and treat deep tumors, Very High Electron Energy (VHEE) should be achieved in a range of 50-150 MeV. In the framework of the VHEE project carried out at Sapienza University, in collaboration with INFN, we investigate the main issues in designing a compact C band (5.712 GHz) electron linacs for FLASH Radiotherapy. In this paper, we describe the design strategy, the electromagnetic properties, and the first prototypes of the RF structures to be tested at Sapienza University.

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Compact S -band linear accelerator system for ultrafast, ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Design, realization, and characterization of a novel diamond detector prototype for FLASH radiotherapy dosimetry

Design, realization, and characterization of a novel diamond detector prototype for FLASH radiotherapy dosimetry

Low noise optimization of an electron beam current transformer for conventional radiotherapy up to ultra high dose rate irradiations

Design and Test of C-band Linac Prototypes for Electron FLASH Radiotherapy

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