“…Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 or LN) has proven to be the material of choice for a wide range of applications due to its exceptional piezoelectric, electro-acoustical, electro-optical, and non-linear optical properties [1]. The different crystallographic orientations of LN are heavily utilized for applications in surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) resonators [2], optical filters [3], optical sensors [4], modulators [5][6][7], transducers [8,9], optical waveguides [10,11], Q-switch lasers [12,13], oscillators [14], etc. For example, high temperature (1000 • C) annealing Ti-doped X cut LN can be utilized as an optical waveguide [15].…”