Compact liquid crystal waveguide based fourier transform spectrometer for in-situ and remote gas and chemical sensing

Chao, Tien‐Hsin; Davis, Sumner P.; Rommel, Scott D.; Farca, George; Luey, Ben; Martin, A. D.; Anderson, Michael H.

doi:10.1117/12.838260

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Unlike the dispersive spectrometers, the "modulated" spectrometers are not bound by the trade-off between spectral resolution and SNR, a feature known as the Fellgett's advantage. On-chip FTIR spectrometers have been realized in the near-IR based on MZIs with a thermo-optically or electro-optically tunable arm [210,211], although the small phase shift accessible through the thermo-optic or electro-optic modulation seriously limits their spectral resolution.…”

Section: On-chip Waveguide Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The emergence of silicon photonics over the past two decades has established silicon as a preferred substrate platform for photonic integration. While most silicon-based photonic components have so far been realized in the near-infrared (near-IR) telecommunication bands, the mid-infrared (mid-IR, 2-20-μm wavelength) band presents a significant growth opportunity for integrated photonics. In this review, we offer our perspective on the burgeoning field of mid-IR integrated photonics on silicon. A comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art of key photonic devices such as waveguides, light sources, modulators, and detectors is presented. Furthermore, on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing is quantitatively analyzed as an example of mid-IR photonic system integration based on these basic building blocks, and the constituent component choices are discussed and contrasted in the context of system performance and integration technologies.

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Section: On-chip Waveguide Spectrometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective

et al. 2017

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“…Beacuse only the evanescent tail of the mode is influenced, a variation in the refractive index of 0.02 can be obtained by applying a voltage of 50 V over the LC. 94 This principle can be used to modulate the optical path difference between the fundamental TM and TE modes over ranges on the order of millimeters. Such large optical path differences can be used in broadband Fourier spectrometry for infrared detection of molecules.…”

Section: Slab Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such large optical path differences can be used in broadband Fourier spectrometry for infrared detection of molecules. 94 A light beam propagating (mainly) in the z direction in a slab waveguide can be modified by varying the optical path difference in the y direction. This can be done by varying the voltage along the y direction or by changing the length of the electrode as a function of the y coordinate.…”

Section: Slab Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-crystal photonic applications

2011

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Abstract. Liquid crystals are nowadays widely used in all types of display applications. However their unique electro-optic properties also make them a suitable material for nondisplay applications. We will focus on the use of liquid crystals in different photonic components: optical filters and switches, beam-steering devices, spatial light modulators, integrated devices based on optical waveguiding, lasers, and optical nonlinear components. Both the basic operating principles as well as the recent state-of-the art are discussed. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).[ DOI: 10.1117/1.3565046] Subject terms: liquid crystals; photonic applications; review; liquid-crystal lasers; spatial light modulators; tunable lenses; nematicons; optical nonlinearity.Paper 100913SSR received Nov. 5, 2010; revised manuscript received Jan. 11, 2011; accepted for publication Jan. 13, 2011; published online Jun. 14, 2011. IntroductionLiquid crystals (LCs) are organic materials that are liquid but that show a certain degree of ordering (positional and/or orientational). With this definition, many materials can be classified as liquid crystals, but the majority of liquid crystals that are used in photonic applications are of the thermotropic type. Thermotropic means that the liquid-crystal phase exists within a certain temperature interval (in contrast to lyotropic materials for which the material is liquid-crystal within a certain concentration range). Various types of thermotropic liquid-crystal materials exist, and many different mesophases have been discovered in the last decades: nematic, smectic A, smectic C, columnar, blue phases, and many many more. The diversity of liquid-crystal materials is huge, but this diversity is even overshadowed by the number of applications in which liquid crystals are used nowadays. The majority of applications are related to informationdisplay applications. Liquid crystals have conquered the major market share in different display application areas: television screens, laptop screens, screens in mobile phones, etc. Only in projection displays does a tough competitor exist, namely microelectromechanical systems or licenced by Texas Instruments: Digital light processing. Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) are the obvious next generation technology that could overtake the LC domination, but today OLED displays have not penetrated the market and only the future will tell if they will. In this review article, we will focus on nondisplay applications, but because we cannot go too broad, we restrict ourselves to photonic applications in which the light is actively manipulated by the LC. In this review article, a certain external influence (surface anchoring, electric fields, optical fields) is used to (re)orient the LC in a certain way. In turn, the LC then changes the light that is propagating through it. Of course, as in every review article, it is impossible to list all the fascinating new scientific results or breakthroughs. Therefore, the authors apologize for not i...

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“…Vescent's proprietary liquid-crystal (LC) waveguide architecture [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] provides unprecedented voltage control over optical phase (> 2 mm), orders of magnitude more than any other technology, e.g., liquid crystal optical phased arrays 14 or MEMs. This previously unrealizable level of control makes possible new devices with remarkable performance attributes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid crystal waveguides: new devices enabled by >1000 waves of optical phase control

et al. 2010

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A new electro-optic waveguide platform, which provides unprecedented voltage control over optical phase delays (> 2mm), with very low loss (< 0.5 dB/cm) and rapid response time (sub millisecond), will be presented. This technology, developed by Vescent Photonics, is based upon a unique liquid-crystal waveguide geometry, which exploits the tremendous electro-optic response of liquid crystals while circumventing their historic limitations. The waveguide geometry provides nematic relaxation speeds in the 10's of microseconds and LC scattering losses that are reduced by orders of magnitude from bulk transmissive LC optics. The exceedingly large optical phase delays accessible with this technology enable the design and construction of a new class of previously unrealizable photonic devices. Examples include: 2-D analog non-mechanical beamsteerers, chip-scale widely tunable lasers, chip-scale Fourier transform spectrometer (< 5 nm resolution demonstrated), widely tunable micro-ring resonators, tunable lenses, ultra-low power (< 5 microWatts) optical switches, true optical time delay devices for phased array antennas, and many more. All of these devices may benefit from established manufacturing technologies and ultimately may be as inexpensive as a calculator display. Furthermore, this new integrated photonic architecture has applications in a wide array of commercial and defense markets including: remote sensing, micro-LADAR, OCT, FSO, laser illumination, phased array radar, etc. Performance attributes of several example devices and application data will be presented. In particular, we will present a non-mechanical beamsteerer that steers light in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions.

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Compact liquid crystal waveguide based fourier transform spectrometer for in-situ and remote gas and chemical sensing

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective

Mid-infrared integrated photonics on silicon: a perspective

Liquid-crystal photonic applications

Liquid crystal waveguides: new devices enabled by >1000 waves of optical phase control

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