Compact grating spectrometer for inverse photoemission spectroscopy

Abstract

We report on a normal incidence grating spectrometer for angle-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy covering a photon energy range from 10 to 40 eV. Following diffraction from a spherical grating with 201.4 mm radius and 3600 lines/mm the photons are recorded by a position sensitive detector. The compact mounting of the grating and detector on a single 150 mm CF flange is established by displacing detector and sample from the Rowland circle. The performance of the spectrometer concerning energy calibration, spectral efficiency, optical resolution, and count rates was experimentally investigated and found to match the design goals well. Operated together with a low energy electron gun using a low temperature BaO cathode a typical total energy resolution of 360 meV at hν=15 eV is obtained in inverse photoemission spectroscopy. It is shown that due to its compactness the spectrometer unit can be effectively combined with other components for surface analysis.

Combined photoemission and inverse photoemission study ofHfS2

“…17,16 As electron source we used an electron gun of the Erdman-Zipf type. 18 The focus of the electron beam on the sample is about 1 mm 2 spot size and has an angle divergence of less than 3°.…”

Experimental band gap and core-hole electron interaction in epitaxialC60films

“…12,14 Electrons were focused on the sample with ϳ1 mm 2 spot size and angle divergence Ͻ2°. Energy and momentum resolution are typically 400 meV and 0.05 Å Ϫ1 .…”

Principle and application of low energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy: A new method for measuring unoccupied states of organic semiconductors

“…For the analysis of photons in the VUV range, spectrometers have been also used [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. However, these spectrometers were low in the photon detection efficiency because of the low reflectivity of gratings in the VUV range and the small solid angel of photon collection.…”