Compact Equal-Width Equal-Length Phase Shifter With Slow-Wave Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide for 5G Applications

Abstract

The emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless and mobile communications demand highperformance phase shifters to enable the multi-channel transmit/receive systems with phase control ability. In this work, a size-miniaturized wideband phase shifter based on slow-wave half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SW-HMSIW) is presented. The proposed SW-HMSIW is consisting of conventional HMSIW section and periodically-patterned non-uniform microtrip polyline unit cells. Patterning polyline unit cells in HMSIW can effectively enhance the product of the equivalent permittivity and permeability of SW-HMSIW, so that the slow-wave effect can be exhibited and its associated size reduction will be further achieved. Moreover, lengths and widths of segments of the proposed polyline unit cell can influence the equivalent permittivity and permeability of the SW-HMSIW, and consequently change its phase constant and cutoff frequency. Hence, for a SW-HMSIW with a fixed physical length, an electrical length variation, i.e, phase shift, can be achieved as segments of the polyline employ various lengths or widths. Based on this principle, a wideband equal-width equal-length SW-HMSIW phase shifter is implemented. Measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones, with a phase shift of 90.5 ± 3 degree and a fractional bandwidth of 43.0% achieved. Compared with some similar reported works, the proposed one shows a size reduction more than 80% as well as good magnitude and phase deviations performance. Moreover, its miniaturized size and equal-width equal-length structure make it suitable for the complex multi-channel modules and networks of the 5G applications. INDEX TERMS Effective medium approximation, half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW), phase shifter, size miniaturization, slow-wave structure.

A Balanced Substrate Integrated Waveguide Phase Shifter with Wideband Common-Mode Suppression

“…Compared to previously reported microstrip balanced phase shifters ([ 6 , 7 , 9 ]), the proposed SIW design has narrower bandwidth, but it would be more suitable for millimetre wave application. Compared to previously reported SIW phase shifters ([ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 ]), the proposed design features a balanced topology with wideband CM suppression. In addition, compared to single-ended designs with equal lengths of the reference line and main lines from [ 13 , 15 ], the proposed design has a wider operating bandwidth.…”

“…Compared to the wideband designs from [ 14 , 16 ], and the low insertion loss designs from [ 18 , 22 ], the size of the proposed design is more compact. Compared to the compact size design from [ 20 ], the proposed design has a larger phase shift range.…”

“…To our knowledge, no balanced SIW phase shifter has been reported till now. Various single-ended SIW phase shifters have been reported [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], and their design methods can be categorized as inserted metallic posts [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], buried PIN diodes [ 15 ], embedded omega particles [ 16 ], CSRR-loaded SIW [ 17 ], air-filled SIW loaded with dielectric slab [ 18 ], loaded rod-shaped artificial dielectric slabs [ 19 ], slow-wave structures [ 20 ], slotted SIW [ 21 , 22 ], varactor-loaded slotted SIW [ 23 ], transverse slot coupling [ 24 ], and so on. Among the aforementioned SIW phase shifters, some designs pursue equal lengths of the reference and main lines ([ 12 , 13 , 15 , 17 ]), some designs obtain wide operating bandwidths ([ 14 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]), some designs attain low insertion loss ([ 18 , 22 ]), and some designs realize tunable phase shift ([ 23 , 24 ]).…”

Collaborative Blind Equalization for Time-Varying OFDM Applications Enabled by Normalized Least Mean and Recursive Square Methodologies

“…Hence, the conventional base-band module of the communication system cannot completely satisfy the theoretical conditions of the non-crosstalk transmission. That is, the crosstalk between codes, which is well known as the inter-symbol interference (ISI) as well, is inevitable [1]. Therefore, as the crosstalk gets severe, the original transfer function H() of the system must be modified to satisfy or approximate the conditions of crosstalk-free characteristics.…”