Comorbidities and Challenges Affecting African Americans with HIV Infection

Rawlings, M. Keith; Masters, Henry L.

doi:10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31550-9

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These are magnified by findings suggesting group differences in response to PPI and to combined therapeutic regimes that remain to be fully elucidated. [96][97][98] Emergent diseases, many of zoonotic origin (e.g., HIV, SARS, influenza) affirm as well the importance of breaking down the barriers that have separated the study of human and animal health. Monitoring of infectious disease emergence and spread in animals, for example, must be recognized as a potential critical component protecting human health, following the "one disease" model that has emerged in veterinary medicine.…”

Section: The Syndemics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-pathogen interaction

Singer¹

2010

Virulence

102

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There is growing awareness of the health implications of fact that infectious agents often do not act independently; rather their disease potential is mediated in diverse and significant ways by their relationships with other pathogens. Pathogen-pathogen interaction (PPI), for example, impacts various virulence factors in human infection. Although still in its infancy, the study of PPI, a form of epidemiological synergism, is emerging as an important arena of new research and new understanding in health and clinical care. The aims of this paper are to: 1) draw attention to the role of PPI in human disease patterns; 2) present the syndemics model as a biosocial approach for examining the nature, pathways, contexts, and health implications of PPI; and 3) suggest the utility of this approach to PPI. Toward these ends, this paper (a) reviews three of case examples of alternative PPIs, (b) describes the development and key concepts and components of the syndemics model with specific reference to interacting infectious agents, (c) contextualizes this discussion with a brief review of broader syndemics disease processes (not necessarily involving infections disease), and (d) comments on the research, treatment and prevention implications of syndemic interaction among pathogens.

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Section: The Syndemics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen-pathogen interaction

Singer¹

2010

Virulence

102

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“…Experiences of poverty, social stigmatization, and structural racism contribute to challenges in long-term HIV management in Black PWH (Freeman et al, 2020). In particular, discrimination and suboptimal management of mental health disorders (e.g., depression, substance use disorder) are associated with worse medical treatment adherence for Black PWH (Casagrande et al, 2007;Rawlings & Masters, 2008). These multi-fold challenges for Black PWH have serious adverse consequences as evidenced by greater risk for medical co-morbidities (e.g., hepatitis C virus, renal and vascular disease; Rawlings & Masters, 2008) and higher mortality rates than that of White and Hispanic PWH (Siddiqi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Evidence For Neuropsychological Health Disparities In Black Americans With Hiv Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, discrimination and suboptimal management of mental health disorders (e.g., depression, substance use disorder) are associated with worse medical treatment adherence for Black PWH (Casagrande et al, 2007;Rawlings & Masters, 2008). These multi-fold challenges for Black PWH have serious adverse consequences as evidenced by greater risk for medical co-morbidities (e.g., hepatitis C virus, renal and vascular disease; Rawlings & Masters, 2008) and higher mortality rates than that of White and Hispanic PWH (Siddiqi et al, 2015). These health disparities highlight the need to better understand the many health challenges experienced by Black PWH.…”

Section: Evidence For Neuropsychological Health Disparities In Black Americans With Hiv Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for neuropsychological health disparities in Black Americans with HIV disease

Thompson

Beltran‐Najera

Johnson

et al. 2021

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Black Americans are at high risk for HIV disease and associated morbidity. However, we know little about the neuropsychological impact and correlates of HIV disease among Black Americans. Methods: Participants included 40 Black persons with HIV (PWH), 83 White PWH, 28 Black HIV-and 64 White HIV-individuals. Neurocognition was measured with raw, sample-based zscores from a clinical battery. Everyday functioning was assessed using self-and clinician-rated measures of cognitive symptoms and activities of daily living. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders were classified using the Frascati criteria. Results: We observed a significant three-way interaction between HIV, race, and domain on neurocognitive z-scores. This omnibus effect was driven by large effect size decrements in semantic memory and processing speed in Black PWH compared to the other groups.Black PWH participants also demonstrated higher frequencies of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders as compared to White PWH. Unexpectedly, global neurocognition was negatively related to everyday functioning for White PWH, but not for Black PWH. Conclusions: Systemic disadvantages for Black Americans may combine with HIV disease to compound some neurocognitive impairments in this vulnerable population. Prospective studies are needed to identify better ways to prevent and manage HIVassociated neurocognitive disorders among Black Americans.

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“…Furthermore, as individuals with HIV live longer, they are more likely to develop other chronic medical conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. 19,20 These conditions also require proficiency in numeracy skills to promote healthy decision-making and wellness. For example, although it is important for patients to be literate about their lipid levels to decrease their risk of heart disease, eg, ("My LDL [low-density lipoprotein] is my bad cholesterol which can cause clogging in my arteries"), it is equally important to know what numerical values can decrease this risk (eg, "My goal for my next doctor's visit is to get my LDL below 100").…”

Section: Health Literacy Health Numeracy and Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health numeracy and health literacy within the context of management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus

Gakumo¹,

Vance²,

Moneyham³

et al. 2013

NRR

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Health literacy, although an important topic in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), often eclipses health numeracy, which may be equally important for those living with this disease. Health numeracy is the knowledge and application of numerical concepts in health decisions. In our synthesis of the literature, the emerging concept of health numeracy in relation to HIV disease management is reviewed within the context of health literacy. Specifically, we examine health literacy and numeracy by gender, race, education, and age group. From this synthesis, we identify practical implications of health numeracy related to HIV.

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Comorbidities and Challenges Affecting African Americans with HIV Infection

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Pathogen-pathogen interaction

Pathogen-pathogen interaction

Evidence for neuropsychological health disparities in Black Americans with HIV disease

Health numeracy and health literacy within the context of management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus

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