Comorbid Depression and Diabetes as a Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly Mexican Americans

Johnson, Leigh; Gamboa, Adriana C.; Vintimilla, Raul; Cheatwood, Austin J.; Grant, Alyann; Trivedi, Ashesh; Edwards, Melissa; Hall, James; O’Bryant, Sid

doi:10.3233/jad-142907

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Epidemiologic studies suggest that diabetes mellitus (DM), a complex metabolic disorder, is a risk factor for cognitive decline . Long‐term diabetes‐induced cognitive decline is characterized by neuropathological alterations including synapse loss, neuronal apoptosis, tau phosphorylation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High glucose‐induced complement component 3 up‐regulation via RAGE‐p38MAPK‐NF‐κB signalling in astrocytes: In vivo and in vitro studies

Zhao

Luo

Chen

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Diabetes is considered as a risk for cognitive decline, which is characterized by neurodegenerative alteration and innate immunity activation. Recently, complement 3 (C3), the critical central component of complement system, has been reported to play a key role in neurodegenerative alterations under pathological condition. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation is confirmed to mediate several inflammatory cytokines production. However, whether C3 activation participates in the diabetic neuropathology and whether this process is regulated by RAGE activation remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of C3 in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice and high glucose‐induced primary astrocytes and the underlying modulatory mechanisms. The decreased synaptophysin density and increased C3 deposition at synapses were observed in the diabetic brain compared to the control brain. Furthermore, the elevated C3 was co‐localized with GFAP‐positive astrocytes in the diabetic brain slice in vivo and high glucose‐induced astrocytes culture in vitro. Diabetes/high glucose‐induced up‐regulation of C3 expression at gene, protein and secretion levels, which were attenuated by pre‐treatment with RAGE, p38MAPK and NF‐κB inhibitors separately. These results demonstrate that high glucose induces C3 up‐regulation via RAGE‐ p38MAPK‐NF‐κB signalling in vivo and in vitro, which might be associated with synaptic protein loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High glucose‐induced complement component 3 up‐regulation via RAGE‐p38MAPK‐NF‐κB signalling in astrocytes: In vivo and in vitro studies

Zhao

Luo

Chen

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…Recentfindings support this idea as comorbid depression and diabetes significantly increased risk for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease among Mexican-Americans 50. These results are the first attempt to examine the longitudinal association between a Life's Simple 7-like index of modifiable CVH factors and dementia in the Latin American population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

Cardiovascular health and dementia incidence among older adults in Latin America: Results from the 10/66 study

Perales‐Puchalt

Vidoni

Rodriguez

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives Growing evidence shows that cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with brain health. Little is known about this topic among older adults in Latin America, where the number of people living with dementia is rising. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between CVH and dementia in six Latin American countries. Methods We analyzed longitudinal data from the 10/66 study that included nondementia residents at baseline aged 65+ in six Latin American countries (n = 6447) and were followed up for 3 years. An index of modifiable CVH factors (ranging from 0 to 14) was calculated. Incident dementia was modeled using competing risk regression to adjust for risk of death. Results The sample included 6.2% participants with poor (0‐5), 81.0% with moderate (6‐10), and 12.8% with ideal CVH (11‐14). At follow‐up, 9.4% had developed dementia and 13.1% had died. Compared with those with poor CVH, participants with moderate and ideal levels of CVH had a significantly lower risk of dementia in both the unadjusted (subhazard ratio for moderate, 0.77; ideal, 0.59) and adjusted models (moderate, 0.73; ideal, 0.66). Conclusion Moderate and ideal levels of CVH in old age may protect against dementia incidence. These findings may inform health promotion efforts within dementia national plans adopted recently in some Latin American countries.

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“…Research indicates that Mexican Americans are at increased risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD [2], suffer from a disproportionate burden of modifiable risk factors [3], are diagnosed at more advanced stages of the disease [4, 5], and develop MCI and AD at younger ages [6] than non-Hispanic whites. The most common risk factors for developing MCI among this population include diabetes, depression, stroke, and obesity [4, 7-10]. In fact, in our work, depression has been found to be the only consistent risk factor for MCI among Mexican Americans [4, 6] and has been associated with worse cognitive functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Gender differences may have contributed to the divergence of findings among previous research studies in this area. Work from our group and others have found gender differences in depression and cognitive function [7, 57], and gender differences in domain-specific cognitive functioning and ADLs [57]. …”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence suggests that vascular disease is the underlying link between depression and dementia [39], though further research is needed to elucidate this pathway to dementia. Additionally, most of this research has been conducted in non-Hispanic whites, despite the fact that researchers have evidence to suggest that Mexican Americans have a higher cardiovascular burden [40, 41], higher rates of depression [4, 7, 19], and develop AD at younger ages [6]. Thus, the goal of this study was to contribute to the literature by examining the relationship between vascular risk factors, depression, and cognitive performance in Mexican Americans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular Depression and Cognition in Mexican Americans

Johnson¹,

Large

Munoz

et al. 2019

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Mexican Americans are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease compared to non-Hispanic whites. This study sought to examine the relationship between vascular risk, depression, and cognition in Mexican American elders. Methods: Data from 470 (390 normal controls, 80 MCI patients) Mexican Americans enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study were used. The cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham Risk Score. Cognition was assessed with a neuropsychological battery, and depression was assessed based on scores from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). ANOVAs were utilized to determine the differences in neuropsychological scores of normal controls with and without depression and CVD risk (low vs. high). Follow-up logistic regression was conducted to determine MCI risk. Results: The results of this study indicated that comorbid depression and a high CVD risk were associated with poorer cognitive performance in Mexican Americans. Depressed women with high CVD risk were more likely to have executive dysfunction, language deficits, and poorer global cognition than nondepressed women with a high CVD risk. In Mexican American men, those with a high vascular risk and depression were more likely to have executive dysfunction and poorer immediate memory than the nondepressed high-risk group. Higher GDS scores (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.10, p = 0.001) and higher vascular risk scores (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.10, p = 0.001) significantly predicted MCI status in Mexican Americans. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that comorbid depression and a high CVD risk were associated with poorer cognitive performance and increased risk of MCI in Mexican Americans.

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Comorbid Depression and Diabetes as a Risk for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly Mexican Americans

Cited by 45 publications

References 32 publications

High glucose‐induced complement component 3 up‐regulation via RAGE‐p38MAPK‐NF‐κB signalling in astrocytes: In vivo and in vitro studies

High glucose‐induced complement component 3 up‐regulation via RAGE‐p38MAPK‐NF‐κB signalling in astrocytes: In vivo and in vitro studies

Cardiovascular health and dementia incidence among older adults in Latin America: Results from the 10/66 study

Vascular Depression and Cognition in Mexican Americans

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