Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms as Predictors of Cardiovascular Events: Results From the NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study

Abstract

Background-Symptoms of depression and anxiety overlap strongly and are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Although these symptoms commonly co-occur in medical patients, little is known about combined effects of depression and anxiety on CVD risk.

Compromised cerebrovascular modulation in chronic anxiety: evidence from cerebral blood flow velocity measured by transcranial Doppler sonography

“…Symptoms of anxiety and depression are independent predictors of cardiovascular events [14] . The implications of comorbidity between anxiety and cardiovascular disease include higher morbidity, functional deficits, increased cardiovascular risk, and poor adherence to cardiac rehabilitation or exercise programs [15] .…”

Correlation of personal anxiety with myocardial infarction and angina debut

“…[31], использовавших опросник Спилберга (STAI), а также исследования I. Janszky и соавт. [14], где оценку психического состояния осуществляли психолог и психиатр, использовали крат-кие опросники тревоги (HADS-A, CCI), не позволяющие дифференцировать личностную тревогу и ситуативную тревожность.…”

“…Стоит отметить еще одно исследование, где показано, что уровень депрессии является значимым предиктором сердечно-сосудистых событий у женщин с низкими бал-лами тревоги (STAI), но теряет свою предсказывающую способность среди женщин с высокими баллами тревож-ности [31].…”

Type D Personality in Never Depressed Patients at Their First Acute Coronary Syndrome

“…TDP, depression, anxiety and other negative affects (such as demoralization, hopelessness, pessimism and rumination) have been implicated as potential risk factors for coronary artery disease [2,3,4]. While some evidence suggests that the NA dimension of TDP overlaps at least partially with depression [5,6,7], other studies underline how ‘TDP refers to a chronic, more covert form of distress that is distinct from depression' [8].…”