CoMnMgAl mixed oxides prepared by a microwave assisted self-combustion synthesis for toluene total oxidation

XPS characterization of cobalt impregnated SiO2 and γ‐Al2O3

“…However, cobalt introduction clearly alters the few top nanometers of the sup- respectively, 20,32 while the Co 3+ species usually appear at 780.0 eV or lower binding energies (a small shoulder in the XPS spectrum). [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] However, what is more important in this work is the amount of cobalt impregnated, since the next practical step in catalyst preparation would be reduction.…”

“…Both main peaks of Co 2p 3/2 and Co 2p 1/2 are indicative of Co 2+ and possibly Co 3+ species. The components with a binding energy of 781.0 and 783.3 eV can be assigned to Co 2+ in CoO and Co(OH) 2 , respectively, 20,32 while the Co 3+ species usually appear at 780.0 eV or lower binding energies (a small shoulder in the XPS spectrum) 33–43 . However, what is more important in this work is the amount of cobalt impregnated, since the next practical step in catalyst preparation would be reduction.…”