Commuters’ behavior towards upgraded bus services in Greater Beirut: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions, social welfare and transport policy

Investigating the impact of satisfaction indicators on the efficiency of choice models: New evidence from Lebanon

“…This ratio is well representative of the working population in Lebanon (Chalak et al, 2016). In terms of age, the average age is 35.7.…”

“…The survey gauges car commuters' willingness to switch to using publicly provided bus services should these be upgraded in the Greater Beirut Area. These data have been previously used by Chalak et al (2016) to investigate the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and social welfare gains resulting from a number of upgrading scenarios. In the latter paper, the data were analyzed by means of a mixed logit model that accounted for travel and amenity attributes of the upgraded bus services but not satisfaction indicators.…”

“…Each respondent answered one block of 10 scenarios. The different blocks were distributed roughly equally among respondents (Chalak et al, 2016).…”

“…As previously mentioned, the data has been collected in June 2013 through personal interviews (Chalak et al, 2016). To attain a representative sample, the number of surveys per area -within the covered areas -has been distributed according to the number of registered voters in such areas followed by a multistage probability sampling (by neighborhood then household then individual within household).…”

What Influences the Choice Between Private Car and Public Transport for Shopping Trips? Impact of Socio-economic and Built Environment Factors

“…There are significant relationships between the socio-economic variables and respondents' preference for public transport, hence socio-economic variables can be used to create infrastructural improvements and designs that are more attractive for promoting an increase in public transport users, especially with groups of females, students, the elderly and low income earners who prefer to use public transport before policy interventions. As stated in Chidambaram, et al [68] reducing the use of cars has not often been achieved voluntarily, complementary measures and actions are needed to promote the viability of the switch of car users to public transport, including car use restrictions, car and fuel taxes, road pricing, congestion charging, parking constraints and parking costs, and notable technology improvements and innovations of new clean energy and fuel efficient vehicles, which have been adopted in parts of cities to promote public transport and reduce the adverse effects of environment pollutants [66,[68][69][70].…”