Community-wide Outbreak of Infection with a 229E-like Coronavirus in Tecumseh, Michigan

Cavallaro, Joseph J.; Monto, Arnold S.

doi:10.1093/infdis/122.4.272

Cited by 70 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In other surveys (Kapikian et al 1969;Cavallaro & Monto, 1970) the results of neutralization and complement-fixation tests have been assumed to be relatively specific to the antigens used in the serological tests. A specific assumption that the 229E and OC 43 viruses are unrelated was held by Cavallaro and Monto and that serological responses to the 229E virus represented infections with a 229E-type virus.…”

Section: Hieterologous Responses In Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiological observations by Cavallaro & Monto (1970) have led them to propose that coronavirus complement-fixing activity has a relatively short halflife. In our studies it was observed that gross variations in the prevalence of antibody did not occur, but there were more marked variations in the percentage of sera with high antibody titres (see Fig.…”

Section: Hieterologous Responses In Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cavallaro & Monto (1970) (Zuckerman, Taylor & Almeida, 1970;Friedmann & Bird, 1969). If such viruses were related serologically to respiratory coronaviruses, they might also figure in the serological responses detected in these studies.…”

Section: Hieterologous Responses In Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronavirus antibody titres in sera of healthy adults and experimentally infected volunteers

Bradburne

Somerset

1972

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYSix coronaviruses isolated in the U.S.A. have been inoculated into volunteers and all produced colds. Between 10 and 20 % of infected volunteers developed heterologous antibody responses after these and other experimental infections with coronaviruses. The haemagglutination-inhibition test with the OC43 virus strain was found to detect antibody rises after infection with a variety of strains.Studies on normal adult sera taken between 1965 and 1970 revealed a high frequency of neutralizing antibody to one strain (229E) and a frequency of HI antibody to strain OC43 which fluctuated from year to year. Complement-fixing antibodies to these two viruses were also found, revealing an apparent increase in the activity of coronaviruses in the general population of the U.K., during the winter of 1968-9.

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Section: Hieterologous Responses In Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hieterologous Responses In Volunteersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronavirus antibody titres in sera of healthy adults and experimentally infected volunteers

Bradburne

Somerset

1972

J. Hyg.

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“…Recent reports have suggested that these viruses may be associated with more severe diseases, and in particular gastroenteritis, but as yet there is no clear evidence to support this [Macnaughton and Davies, 19811. Several reports have analyzed the extent of infections in various populations in America and Europe by estimates of HCV antibodies in sera from patients and volunteers [Bradburne and Somerset, 1972;Candeias et al, 1970;Cavallaro and Monto, 1970;Hamre and Beem, 1972;Hendley et al, 1972;Hovi et al, 1979; Kaye et al, 1971;McIntosh et al, 1970;Zakstelskaya et al, 19721. A number of assays have been used, including neutralization, complement fixation, hemagglutination inhibition, and radioimmunoassay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of human coronavirus antibody in the population of southern iraq

Hasony¹,

Macnaughton²

1982

Journal of Medical Virology

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Sera from adults in Southern Iraq were collected during winter and screened by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies to the two antigenic groups of human coronaviruses, the 229E and the OC43 groups: 91% of the sera had antibodies to at least one of the groups, whereas 4 and 5% of the sera had antibodies to only the 229E or OC43 groups, respectively. There was significant correlation between the levels of antibody to the 229E and OC43 group coronaviruses in these sera.

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“…There also appears to be a seasonal pattern to the occurrence of epidemics of colds caused by coronaviruses. Such outbreaks have been reported to occur in the late winter or early spring months in North America (McIntosh et al, 1970;Cavallaro & Monto, 1970); however, no marked seasonal pattern was found in Great Britain (Macnaughton, 1982). It was therefore of interest to determine the effects of both relative humidity (RH) and air temperature on the survival of airborne coronaviruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Survival Characteristics of Airborne Human Coronavirus 229E

Ijaz¹,

Brunner²,

Sattar³

et al. 1985

Journal of General Virology

237

205

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SUMMARYThe survival of airborne human coronavirus 229E (HCV/229E) was studied under different conditions of temperature (20 + 1 °C and 6 + 1 °C) and low (30 _+ 5~), medium (50 + 5~o) or high (80 +_ 5~o) relative humidities (RH). At 20 +_ 1 °C, aerosolized HCV/229E was found to survive best at 50~ RH with a half-life of 67-33 + 8-24 h while at 30~ RH the virus half-life was 26.76 +_ 6.21 h. At 50~ RH nearly 20~o infectious virus was still detectable at 6 days. High RH at 20 _+ 1 °C, on the other hand, was found to be the least favourable to the survival of aerosolized virus and under these conditions the virus half-life was only about 3 h; no virus could be detected after 24 h in aerosol. At 6 + 1 °C, in either 50~ or 30~ RH conditions, the survival of HCV/229E was significantly enhanced, with the decay pattern essentially similar to that seen at 20 + 1 °C. At low temperature and high RH (80~), however, the survival pattern was completely reversed, with the HCV/229E half-life increasing to 86.01 + 5.28 h, nearly 30 times that found at 20 + 1 °C and high RH. Although optimal survival at 6 °C still occurred at 50~o RH, the pronounced stabilizing effect of low temperature on the survival of HCV/229E at high RH indicates that the role of the environment on the survival of viruses in air may be more complex and significant than previously thought.

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Community-wide Outbreak of Infection with a 229E-like Coronavirus in Tecumseh, Michigan

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

Coronavirus antibody titres in sera of healthy adults and experimentally infected volunteers

Coronavirus antibody titres in sera of healthy adults and experimentally infected volunteers

Prevalence of human coronavirus antibody in the population of southern iraq

Survival Characteristics of Airborne Human Coronavirus 229E

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