Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children

Johnston, Sebastian L.; Pattemore, P. K.; Sanderson, G.; Smith, Sandra H.; Lampe, Fiona; Josephs, Lynn; Symington, Penny; O’Toole, Susan M.; Myint, S.; Tyrrell, D. A. J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6989.1225

Cited by 1,812 publications

(1,523 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…If the volume of nasal aspirate was <0.5 mL, rhinorrhoea was induced by spraying 0.1 mL 8 mg . mL -1 histamine (BDH Chemicals, Poole, UK) in 0.9% sodium chloride (made up freshly each day) into each nostril [6]. If the volume of nasal aspirate was still low, swabs of the anterior nares, pharynx and tonsils were taken and immediately immersed in phosphate-buffered saline.…”

Section: Clinical Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These exacerbations are associated with increased airway inflammation and airflow obstruction [4,5]. Studies in childhood asthma have shown that viruses, especially rhinovirus (the cause of the common cold), can be detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in nasopharyngeal samples from a large proportion of these exacerbations [6]. However, the role of rhinovirus in COPD exacerbation has not been evaluated using PCR methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Seemungal

Harper-Owen²,

Bhowmik³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

309

208

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Common colds are associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the role of the common cold virus (human rhinovirus) in the production of symptoms and lower airway inflammation at COPD exacerbation is unknown.Thirty three patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were seen at baseline, when the number of chest infections in the previous year was noted, and acutely at COPD exacerbation. Within 48 h after the onset of the exacerbation and at baseline, nasal aspirates and induced sputum were taken for rhinovirus reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and determination of cytokine levels. Symptoms, recorded on diary cards, were noted and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) measured.At exacerbation, mean FEV1 and FVC fell significantly from baseline (p<0.001). Ten of 43 exacerbations were associated with rhinovirus infection, detected in induced sputum. In four of these, nasophageal samples contained no detectable rhinovirus. All baseline samples were negative for rhinovirus. The simultaneous presence of increased nasal discharge/nasal congestion (in 26 of the 43 exacerbations) and increased sputum (29 exacerbations) was strongly associated with the presence of rhinovirus (odds ratio 6.15; p=0.036). Total symptom scores were greater for rhinovirus as compared to nonrhinovirus exacerbations (p=0.039). Median baseline sputum interleukin-6 levels rose from 90.2 to 140.3 pg . mL -1 at exacerbation (p=0.005); the change was greater in the presence of rhinovirus infection (p=0.008).Rhinovirus infection can be detected at chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. This is associated with elevation of lower airway interleukin-6 levels, which may mediate lower airway symptom expression during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 677±683.

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Section: Clinical Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Seemungal

Harper-Owen²,

Bhowmik³

et al. 2000

Eur Respir J

309

208

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2010; Johnston et al. 1995) and approximately 60% of asthma exacerbations in adults (Nicholson et al. 1993) and up to 50% of total COPD exacerbations (Seemungal et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐inflammatory effects of the novel inhaled phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor CHF6001 on virus‐inducible cytokines

Edwards

Facchinetti

Civelli

et al. 2016

Pharmacology Res & Perspec

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Respiratory virus infections precipitate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, with most exacerbations due to rhinovirus infection. Both asthma and COPD exacerbations are not well controlled by steroid therapies, and there is a much research interest in finding improved therapies or combinations of therapies for controlling exacerbations. CHF6001 is a new, inhaled highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. Using in vitro human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B), we investigated the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of CHF6001 on rhinovirus (RV1B)‐induced cytokines. Cytokine mRNA was measured by real‐time PCR, while protein release was measured by ELISA. CHF6001 was used in a 7‐point dose–response curve (1000–0.001 nmol/L) as a 1.5‐h pretreatment prior to infection in comparison with roflumilast. Both roflumilast and CHF6001 reduced RV1B‐induced IL‐8, IL‐29, IP‐10, and RANTES mRNA and protein in a concentration‐dependent manner. Generally, CHF6001 was 13‐ to 16‐fold more potent (subnanomolar EC 50 values) than roflumilast at reducing IL‐8, IL‐29, IP‐10, and RANTES mRNA and protein release, but had similar efficacies. In combination with the steroid fluticasone propionate (1 nmol/L), CHF6001 had additive effects, significantly reducing RV‐induced cytokines when compared with steroid or CHF6001 alone. Combined low‐dose steroid and low‐dose CHF6001 had a similar efficacy as high‐dose steroid or CHF6001 alone, indicating the combination had steroid and PDE4 inhibitor sparing effects. Overall results indicate that PDE4 inhibitors have anti‐inflammatory activity against virus‐induced inflammatory mediators and that CHF6001 is more potent than roflumilast.

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“…Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that severe RSV bronchiolitis is frequently associated with subsequent persistent wheezing, childhood asthma or both (Stein et al, 1999;Gern and Busse, 2002;Henderson et al, 2005;Koponen et al, 2012). HRVs are the most commonly identified viruses involved in wheezing exacerbations in older infants and adolescents (Johnston et al, 1995;Busse and Gern, 1997;Rakes et al, 1999;Wennergren and Kristjansson, 2001;Heymann et al, 2004;Blanken et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro

Cagno

Civra

Kumar

et al. 2015

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Ficus religiosa L. is one of the most relevant members of the family of Moraceae. It is the most sacred tree of South Asia, and it is used in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine to cure respiratory disorders like cough, wheezing and asthma. Some studies were performed to investigate the anti-asthmatic potential of F. religiosa bark, leaves and fruit extracts but none of them tested their antiviral activity against viruses responsible for the exacerbation of wheezing and asthma. AIM OF THE STUDY:The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiviral activity of F. religiosa L.extracts against respiratory viruses such as human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV). MATERIALS AND METHODS:The antiviral activity of F. religiosa L. was tested in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virus inactivation and time-ofaddition assays. RESULTS:F. religiosa L. methanol bark extract was the most active against HRV with an EC 50 of5.52 µg/mL. This extract likely inhibited late steps of replicative cycle. Water bark extract was the most active against RSV with an EC 50 between 2.23 and 4.37 µg/mL. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the anti-RSV activity. Replication of both viruses was inhibited in viral yield reduction assays. CONCLUSIONS: 3The results of the present study demonstrate that F. religiosa L. is endowed with antiviral activity against RSV and HRV in vitro. Further work remains to be done to identify the active components and to assess the therapeutic potential in vivo. 1.

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Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children

Abstract: This study supports the hypothesis that upper respiratory viral infections are associated with 80-85% of asthma exacerbations in school age children.

Cited by 1,812 publications

References 24 publications

Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Anti‐inflammatory effects of the novel inhaled phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor CHF6001 on virus‐inducible cytokines

Ficus religiosa L. bark extracts inhibit human rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro

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