Community Severance: Where Is It Found and at What Cost?

Anciães, Paulo Rui; Jones, Peter M.; Mindell, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1080/01441647.2015.1077286

Cited by 58 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, there will be high car dependence as well. Transport severance effects will be a serious problem for those who do not use (automated) cars [42,43]. This will happen because AVs will be given priority and the implementation of such a complex technology will require making sacrifices in other fronts, namely in terms of decreasing the quality of pedestrian and cycling infrastructures (Critical decisions: parking and transport network design) and in terms of taking away some of the civil rights of users of active modes of travelling (Critical decision: social exclusion).…”

Section: The Mobility Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Accessibility and the Implementation of Automated Vehicles: Identifying Critical Decisions

2018

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Abstract:The emergence of fully Automated Vehicles (AVs) is expected to occur in the next 10 to 30 years. The uncertainties related to AVs pose a series of questions about what the societal consequences of such technology are. Mainly, what are the consequences of AVs regarding accessibility? This paper uses Geurs and Van Wee's definition of accessibility to give an exploratory answer to this question. Using a scenario-based approach which allows identifying critical decisions that will emerge shortly (or are already emerging) concerning automated travelling, this paper proposes that AVs have great potential to both seriously aggravate and considerably alleviate accessibility problems. A great deal will depend on how these critical decisions will be approached and the choices that will be made. This debate is most needed because existing research on AVs tends to focus on how to make them a commercially viable and safe technological enterprise, and on what their benefits and drawbacks are regarding variables such as carbon emissions, energy consumption, and total miles travelled. Narratives of this nature can be problematic, as they are unlikely to promote sufficient awareness about the real disruptive potential of AVs. It is crucial that stakeholders realise the extent to which-if the governance of AVs implementation processes is not taken very seriously, and the identified critical decisions are not carefully approached-these machines can materialise a dystopian mobility future.

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Section: The Mobility Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Accessibility and the Implementation of Automated Vehicles: Identifying Critical Decisions

2018

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“…Community severance arises when transport infrastructure or motorised traffic act as a physical or psychological barrier separating built-up areas from other built-up areas or open spaces (Anciaes et al, 2016). It can increase the risk of motor vehicle crashes, discourage and decrease levels of active transport, restrict access to public transport also reducing physical activity, and restrict access to healthy food, recreation facilities, healthcare, work and social interactions; all of which can lead to increased morbidity and premature mortality.…”

Section: Overview Of Transport and Health Linkages And Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impacts of urban transport policy measures: A guidance note for practice

Khreis

May

Nieuwenhuijsen

2017

Journal of Transport & Health

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Urban transport is responsible for a large mortality and morbidity burden and policy measures that are beneficial to health need to be implemented to reduce this burden. There are considerable differences between these policy measures in terms of potential health impacts and this should be considered in any transport planning. It is important to monitor the health impacts of all policy measures to provide further evidence on whether they work as expected or not, to ensure that the most cost-effective solutions, with the largest benefits and the smallest health risks, are being adopted.

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“…This ‘cutting off’ is also known as transport severance. Several definitions of severance are offered in transport and health literature and beyond ( OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), 1973 , Lee and Tagg, 1976 , Clark et al, 1991 , James et al, 2005 , Anciaes et al, 2015 , Anciaes et al, 2016 ). Severance has been classified as being either primary (restricting movement from one side of the infrastructure to the other) or secondary (indirectly or inconstantly contributing to severance effects); or as being physical in nature (preventing movement) or psychological (creating a perception of barriers) ( Clark et al, 1991 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Anciaes et al (2015) , there is a lack of qualitative research exploring the possible severance effects of new transport infrastructure as experienced and perceived by local people. Such qualitative studies that do exist tend a) to come from diverse disciplines that may not overlap; and b) not to be published in academic journals, and to suffer from a lack of international dissemination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences of connectivity and severance in the wake of a new motorway: Implications for health and well-being

Nimegeer

Thomson

Foley

et al. 2018

Social Science & Medicine

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The construction of new urban roads may cause severance, or the separation of residents from local amenities or social networks. Using qualitative data from a natural experimental study, we examined severance related to a new section of urban motorway constructed through largely deprived residential neighbourhoods in Glasgow, Scotland. Semi-structured and photo-elicitation interviews were used to better understand severance and connectivity related to the new motorway, and specifically implications for individual and community-level health and well-being through active travel and social connections.Rather than a clear severance impact attributable to the motorway, a complex system of connection and severance was spoken about by participants, with the motorway being described by turns as a force for both connection and severance. We conclude that new transport infrastructure is complex, embedded, and plausibly causally related to connectedness and health. Our findings suggest the potential for a novel mechanism through which severance is enacted: the disruptive impacts that a new road may have on third places of social connection locally, even when it does not physically sever them. This supports social theories that urge a move away from conceptualising social connectedness in terms of the local neighbourhood only, towards an understanding of how we live and engage dynamically with services and people in a much wider geographical area, and may have implications for local active travel and health through changes in social connectedness.

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Community Severance: Where Is It Found and at What Cost?

Cited by 58 publications

References 50 publications

Sustainable Accessibility and the Implementation of Automated Vehicles: Identifying Critical Decisions

Sustainable Accessibility and the Implementation of Automated Vehicles: Identifying Critical Decisions

Health impacts of urban transport policy measures: A guidance note for practice

Experiences of connectivity and severance in the wake of a new motorway: Implications for health and well-being

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