“…In addition, DBER often involves incorporating a guiding framework, which may be theoretical in nature, as part of the research process. Despite the use of theoretical frameworks being a norm within education research communities, prior work in the context of the mathematics education research community indicates that using theoretical frameworks poses challenges for emerging education researchers (Haas et al, 2022). This is likely a challenge shared across DBER communities, given the common critique across DBER fields that theoretical frameworks are inconsistently used and that studies are often undertheorized (Lohmann and Froyd, 2010;Reinholz and Andrews, 2019;Bussey et al, 2020;Bakker et al, 2021).…”