“Community practices” and “communities of practice” in smelting technology by XRF analysis of Archaic bronze votive figurines in central Italy (6th – 5th centuries BC)

Fulminante, Francesca; Unavane, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102266

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Only nonand micro-destructive methods were chosen for the imaging and compositional investigation: digital radiography (DR), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Both XRF and LIBS are surface analysis methods, whose penetration depth can reach, according to the sample's features, mm or less (Denker et al, 2005;Noll 2012;Šatović et al, 2013;Fulminante and Unavane 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Metal Adornments From Ancient Eastern Europe

Ghervase

Dinu

Borș³

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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This study focuses on the investigation of certain bronze adornment objects from the First Iron Age (the so-called middle Hallstatt period), dating to the ninth–eighth c. BC. These objects are part of a bronze and iron hoard (labeled Cx 116) discovered in the present Romanian territory, at Tărtăria–Podu Tărtăriei vest archaeological site, in Alba County. Along with a second hoard of bronze and iron objects, this represents a unique discovery for the present Romanian territory, namely, for the inner Carpathian area and the Lower and Middle Danube Basin, where no such votive discovery had been made by archaeological excavations. The objects, approximately 450 bronze and iron objects—weapons, tools, adornments, and harnesses—were found in the two hoards, in the Southern ditch, which outlines the archaeological site. Digital radiography has been used to assess the physical state of the objects and to identify potential specific craftsmanship details. It showed a fairly good preservation status, with incipient corrosion processes located in the core of some of the objects and some specific traces of the crafting process and subsequent mechanical defects were highlighted. The relatively good state of preservation of the objects can result from the fact that they had been protected from the humid environment by the ceramic vessel they were placed in. XRF and LIBS were used to identify the materials and to stratigraphically evaluate the objects. XRF scanned the surface of the objects, revealing elements related to both the raw material—a copper alloy with tin and lead, together with trace elements related to the specific mining location of the ores, and the depositional environment of the objects–such as iron. LIBS allowed a more in-depth stratigraphic analysis, which indicated a higher copper ratio—compared to iron—as the kinetic series advance, fact that sustains the idea that the major iron input was coming from the depositional environment. Both XRF and LIBS results were consistent with high elemental variability, probably due to the nature of the original material and the influence of the deposition soil conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Metal Adornments From Ancient Eastern Europe

Ghervase

Dinu

Borș³

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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“…XRF has proven to be the basic analytical technique in cultural heritage studies [5][6][7][8] because it provides key information about the objects under study in a reliable, rapid and non-invasive manner. It is now recognised that XRF spectrometry could have a wider application in studies of metal objects [9][10][11] and ancient coins [12,13]; also, if its results are not sufficient, it can help to carry out a preliminary screening to determine which artefact should be subjected to other more expensive and invasive analyses [14]. The XRF technique also allows the determination of the concentration, depth distribution and trace elements, which are useful for quantifying many features of an object [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-Relief Silver Coins Minted in the Greek Colonies (444–390/340–280/270 BC) of Southern Italy Analysed by XRF

Brocchieri,

Vitale,

Sabbarese

2023

QuBS

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A sample of 18 double-relief coins from different poleis of Magna Graecia and ancient Italy has been analysed using a handheld XRF spectrometer directly inside the Museo Provinciale Campano (Capua, Italy). The data analysis shows that (i) the main elements are Ag and Cu, indicating that the coins are of high fineness (average Ag 95.7%), (ii) trace elements can help to characterise the coins, (iii) a superficial chemically altered layer (corrosion) is absent, (iv) the values of ratio Ag Kα/Lα evidence the presence of an enrichment layer on the surface of silver or subaerata in some coins. Multivariate statistical analysis and graph analysis allowed the coins to be assigned to different groups with the highest possible accuracy on the basis of the chemical data obtained and models to be constructed to classify the coins according to their historical periods.

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“Community practices” and “communities of practice” in smelting technology by XRF analysis of Archaic bronze votive figurines in central Italy (6th – 5th centuries BC)

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation on Metal Adornments From Ancient Eastern Europe

Investigation on Metal Adornments From Ancient Eastern Europe

Double-Relief Silver Coins Minted in the Greek Colonies (444–390/340–280/270 BC) of Southern Italy Analysed by XRF

datasheet1.docx

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