Community phylogeny and spatial scale affect phylogenetic diversity metrics in a species‐rich rainforest in Borneo

Okuno, Seiya; Yin, Tingting; Nanami, Satoshi; Matsuyama, Shuhei; Kamiya, Katsumasa; Tan, Sylvester; Davies, Stuart J.; Mohamad, Mohizah; Yamakura, Takuo; Itoh, Akira

doi:10.1002/ece3.9536

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 98 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…At local scale the plant diversity result from an environmental filtering of the regional richness , showing phylogenetic clustering (Okuno et al 2022). In this scale the habitat heterogeneity is important to niche differentiation (Baldeck et al 2016;Bose et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional community structure of trees in a seasonal tropical forest

Gomes

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Habitat partitioning is important for understanding the drivers that influence the assembly of tropical forest communities. Understanding the local-scale effects of environmental gradients on diversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) involves understanding the role of each species within the plant communities. In this context, our objectives were as follows: (1) to understand how topography can influence taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and which variables most influence community assembly on a local scale; (2) to understand how the topographic gradient shapes the functional identity of species, and how they contribute to understanding the mechanisms of community assembly on a local scale; (3) and to verify the functional trait composition of vertical strata and whether the strategies adopted by trees along vertical stratification are related to functional groups, leaf phenology and dispersal syndrome. The study was conducted in three permanent plots of 1 ha within a fragment of the Atlantic Forest. From the floristic list, a phylogenetic tree was created based on 211 species, and phylogenetic diversity was calculated: the average paired distance between all the taxa in the community, the average distance of the closest taxon in the community, and the standardized effect size for these metrics. We calculated the metrics of community weighted average, functional richness, functional uniformity, functional divergence, and metrics of phylogenetic diversity for each plot. Four leaf traits and two wood traits were selected: leaf area (cm²), specific leaf area (cm²/g), dry mass content (g/g), wood density (mg/m³), maximum height (m), and leaf thickness (cm). Multiple linear and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. We analyzed the functional identity and diversity across topographic habitats. To analyze the relationship between leaf phenology and dispersal syndrome with the vertical stratification we performed the Qui-square test. We compared the mean values of the traits to understand the functional patterns within the functional groups of leaf phenology, dispersal syndrome, and vertical strata. The MRT grouped the subplots of the whole community into three habitats: lower, intermediate, and high topographic habitats. The diversity of the elevation habitats was significantly different; the intermediate habitats showed higher diversity than the other habitats, and the high habitats had the lowest diversity values. The Low habitats were always different from the other habitats, indicating that PD and MPD decreased with increasing altitude. The regression results showed that richness was negatively influenced by elevation and SB and positively influenced by soil moisture, coarse sand, and organic matter. The topographic gradients showed different functional compositions along the habitats; a high habitat was characterized by species with conservative leaf traits, higher functional divergence, and lower functional richness. The low habitat was characterized for acquisitive leaf traits, less functional divergence, and higher functional richness. Functional richness and functional divergence were the categorical traits that were best explained; at the local scale, edaphic variables appeared to be more important for the variation of the traits and functional diversity, and the texture of the soil was the main driver. Leaf phenology showed a functional pattern of trait mean values of acquisitive-conservative traits between deciduous and evergreen species. The traits mean values of dispersal syndrome shows that zoochory species are correlated with conservative traits and non-zoochory species are correlated with acquisitive traits. Our study demonstrates the importance of local-scale studies, showing that habitats found on local gradients can affect plant diversity at the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional levels. This result is very important for understanding how Seasonal Tropical Forests are structured horizontally and vertically and the patterns of functional composition. Keywords: Topography, community assembly, habitats, environmental variables, vertical stratification

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and functional community structure of trees in a seasonal tropical forest

Gomes

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Spatial patterns of phylogenetic and species diversity of Fennoscandian vascular plants in protected areas

Matten,

Mienna,

Bieker

et al. 2023

Biodivers Conserv

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Protected areas are one of the main strategic means for conserving biodiversity. Yet, the design of protected areas usually neglects phylogenetic diversity, an important diversity measure. In this paper we assess the phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants in Fennoscandian protected areas. We evaluate how much species richness and phylogenetic diversity is found within and outside protected areas, and the differences in plant diversity between different categories of protected areas. We also assess the differences in the diversity-area relationship of the different protected area categories in terms of both species richness and phylogenetic diversity. We build a multi-locus phylogeny of 1,519 native vascular plants of Norway, Sweden, and Finland. We estimate the phylogenetic diversity and species richness by combining the phylogeny with publicly available occurrence data and the currently protected area system of Fennoscandia. Our results indicate that protected areas in Fennoscandia hold more plant diversity when larger, and that phylogenetic diversity increases faster with area than species richness. We found evidence for more plant diversity outside of protected areas of the different countries of Fennoscandia than inside of protected areas, but no evidence for plant diversity differences between areas with different protection status. Hence, our results indicate that the current protected area system in Fennoscandia is no more effective in conserving phylogenetic diversity and species richness of vascular plants than a random selection of localities. Our results also indicate that planning conservation strategies around phylogenetic diversity, rather than species richness, might be a first step to protect vascular plant diversity more effectively.

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Community phylogeny and spatial scale affect phylogenetic diversity metrics in a species‐rich rainforest in Borneo

Cited by 2 publications

References 98 publications

Phylogenetic and functional community structure of trees in a seasonal tropical forest

Phylogenetic and functional community structure of trees in a seasonal tropical forest

Spatial patterns of phylogenetic and species diversity of Fennoscandian vascular plants in protected areas

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