Community pharmacists' management of minor ailments in developing countries: A systematic review of types, recommendations, information gathering and counselling practices

Yusuff, Kazeem B.; Makhlouf, Ahmed; Ibrahim, Mohamed

doi:10.1111/ijcp.14424

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(259 reference statements)

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“…In Germany, for example, there are over 35 million cases of headache each year and over 700,000 years of life spent with it [ 2 ]. Thus, since headache is a public health challenge in addition to its associated costs [ 3 , 4 ] and also belongs to minor ailments [ 5 , 6 ], its medication treatment is basically possible without a medical consultation. In this regard, headache is one of the most common causes of self-medication worldwide [ 7 , 8 ] and thus also in Germany [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quality of Counseling for Headache OTC Medications in German Community Pharmacies Using a Simulated Patient Approach: Are There Differences between Self-Purchase and Purchase for a Third Party?

Langer

Kunow

2022

The Scientific World Journal

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Background. In Germany—as worldwide—headache is one of the most frequent causes of self-medication. The dispensing of over-the-counter (OTC) medications may only be carried out by community pharmacies (CPs). In doing so, CPs have to ensure “adequate” counseling, for both self-purchase and purchase for a third party, which also occurs in everyday pharmacy practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of counseling for headache OTC medications in German CPs and, as the first study worldwide, to analyze whether and to what extent there are differences in counseling between self-purchase and purchase for a third party. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the covert simulated patient methodology (SPM) in all 42 CPs in the German big city Potsdam. With the help of 8 trained simulated patients (SPs), each CP was visited four times by a different SP. The SPs simulated in each CP two scenarios two times with the demand for an OTC medication against headache, which differed only in whether the demand was for themselves or for their boyfriend/girlfriend. Results. All 168 planned pharmacy visits (84 visits per scenario) were successfully carried out. Overall, the median counseling score was 3.0 out of 9 points (interquartile range [IQR 2.0]). There were no significant differences between the two scenarios (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; p = 0.495 , r = 0.053). In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, the counseling level and the different scenarios were not significantly associated (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.635, 95% CI = 0.673–3.972, p = 0.278 ). Conclusions. Due to the partly considerable deficits in counseling of German CPs, policy-makers and the regional chambers of pharmacists are called upon to take appropriate measures to improve the quality of counseling. It is positive that no differences in counseling between self-purchase and purchase for a third party were found, but further verifying studies with a modified methodology are recommended.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quality of Counseling for Headache OTC Medications in German Community Pharmacies Using a Simulated Patient Approach: Are There Differences between Self-Purchase and Purchase for a Third Party?

Langer

Kunow

2022

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Yusuff et al, in their review of care practices for minor ailments among community pharmacists in Nigeria and other developing countries, reported a general lack of definite care protocol and a wide variation in their clerking, counseling, recommendation, and documentation patterns 17 . We believe that the exclusion of CPs from the national TOC framework and the consequent lack of regulatory oversight may affect the uniformity of referral practices among pharmacists and make quality evaluation difficult.…”

Section: Barriers Hindering Effective Referral/care Transition Proces...mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…16 Yusuff et al, in their review of care practices for minor ailments among community pharmacists in Nigeria and other developing countries, reported a general lack of definite care protocol and a wide variation in their clerking, counseling, recommendation, and documentation patterns. 17 We believe that the exclusion of CPs from the national TOC framework and the consequent lack of regulatory oversight may affect the uniformity of referral practices among pharmacists and make quality evaluation difficult. More so, the absence of regulatory provisions may exacerbate the fragile care documentation practice among pharmacists in Nigeria, as most CPs use their care records, where available, for internal auditing and much less for the TOC process.…”

Section: Barriers Hindering Effective Referral/care Transition Proces...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing care transition performance of community pharmacies in Nigeria

Bamgboye,

Hassan,

Fatoye

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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Community pharmacies (CPs) represent a crucial source of primary care for the Nigerian population. Pharmacists in this setting provide essential primary care services to the public and, when required, facilitate care transitions or referrals for patients to higher levels of care. Given their accessibility and expanding roles in patient care, pharmacists are considered pivotal to meeting the transition of care (TOC) goals, that is, continuity, quality, and safety, especially at the community level. However, CPs in Nigeria face significant systemic and human‐factor barriers that impede their TOC performance, especially with their exclusion from the national care referral framework. Removing these barriers is essential to avoid the health consequences of a breakdown in the TOC system for the patients receiving care at the CPs. This paper discusses the barriers to effective TOC performance of the CPs in Nigeria and offers recommendations to address the deficiencies to improve patient care delivery using an inclusive and collaborative referral model.

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“…colds 26 , 27 which are commonly encountered by community pharmacists in developing 28 and developed countries. 29 Connecting community pharmacists' management of coughs and colds as minor ailments within the context of AMS has been highlighted by some of the sector's peak bodies, such as the UK's .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community pharmacists as antimicrobial guardians and gatekeepers – A qualitative study of the perspectives of pharmacy sector stakeholders

Lim

Broom

Olsen

et al. 2023

Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy

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Community pharmacists' management of minor ailments in developing countries: A systematic review of types, recommendations, information gathering and counselling practices

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 14 publications

References 49 publications

The Quality of Counseling for Headache OTC Medications in German Community Pharmacies Using a Simulated Patient Approach: Are There Differences between Self-Purchase and Purchase for a Third Party?

The Quality of Counseling for Headache OTC Medications in German Community Pharmacies Using a Simulated Patient Approach: Are There Differences between Self-Purchase and Purchase for a Third Party?

Enhancing care transition performance of community pharmacies in Nigeria

Community pharmacists as antimicrobial guardians and gatekeepers – A qualitative study of the perspectives of pharmacy sector stakeholders

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