Community Outbreaks of Mixed Food Borne Infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio fluvialis

Tokoro, Mitsuo; Kato, Mikio; Goto, Kiichi; Watanabe, Minoru; Yamada, Fujizo; Sako, Toshio; OTSUKA, Kazuyuki; SUGIYAMA, Osamu; FURUKAWA, Masayuki; NIWA, Shoji; NAGAYAMA, Chiaki

doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.58.1038

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…However, these organisms were isolated only after MB enrichment followed by growth on TSA containing 10 g of ampicillin per ml. This is not surprising since mixed Vibrio infections have been reported (29,64). Of interest was the observation that only 18 of 19 isolates could grow on TCBS agar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis -LikeStrains Implicated in Limp LobsterDisease

Tall

Fall

Pereira

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Studies were undertaken to characterize and determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described systemic disease in Homarus americanus (American lobster) caused by a Vibrio fluvialis-like microorganism. Nineteen isolates were obtained from eight of nine lobsters sampled. Biochemically, the isolates resembled V. fluvialis, and the isolates grew optimally at 20°C; none could grow at temperatures above 23°C. The type strain (1AMA) displayed a thermal reduction time (D value) of 5.77 min at 37°C. All of the isolates required at least 1% NaCl for growth. Collectively, the data suggest that these isolates may embody a new biotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the isolates revealed five closely related subgroups. Some isolates produced a sheep hemagglutinin that was neither an outer membrane protein nor a metalloprotease. Several isolates possessed capsules. The isolates were highly susceptible to a variety of antibiotics tested. However, six isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Seventeen isolates harbored plasmids. Lobster challenge studies revealed that the 50% lethal dose of a plasmid-positive strain was 100-fold lower than that of a plasmid-negative strain, suggesting that the plasmid may enhance the pathogenicity of these microorganisms in lobsters. Microorganisms that were recovered from experimentally infected lobsters exhibited biochemical and PFGE profiles that were indistinguishable from those of the challenge strain. Tissue affinity studies demonstrated that the challenge microorganisms accumulated in heart and midgut tissues as well as in the hemolymph. Culture supernatants and polymyxin B lysates of the strains caused elongation of CHO cells in tissue culture, suggesting the presence of a hitherto unknown enterotoxin. Both plasmid-positive and plasmid-negative strains caused significant dose-related intestinal fluid accumulations in suckling mice. Absence of viable organisms in the intestinal contents of mice suggests that these microorganisms cause diarrhea in mice by intoxication rather than by an infectious process. Further, these results support the thermal reduction data at 37°C and suggest that the mechanism(s) that led to fluid accumulation in mice differs from the disease process observed in lobsters by requiring neither the persistence of viable microorganisms nor the presence of plasmids. In summary, results of lobster studies satisfy Koch's postulates at the organismal and molecular levels; the findings support the hypothesis that these V. fluvialis-like organisms were responsible for the originally described systemic disease, which is now called limp lobster disease.Catastrophic losses of Homarus americanus (American lobster) have been most consistently associated with gaffkemia, a disease caused by Aerococcus viridans subsp. homari (52,59). Recognized more than half a century ago as a cause of heavy mortalities in natural populations and impounded lobsters on the east coast of North America, infection usually results when A. viridans breaches the integu...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis -LikeStrains Implicated in Limp LobsterDisease

Tall

Fall

Pereira

et al. 2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Vibrio fluvialis, described as a new species by Lee et al in 1981, is detected as a contaminant of sea water, coastal mud, fishes and shellfishes. Case of V. fluvialis infection via them reported have been progressively increasing in recent years (Lee et al, 1981;Kobayashi et al, 1983;Miyata et al, 1986;Tokoro et al, 1984) . Meanwhile, the organism with the same…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community outbreaks of food borne infection with so-called Vibrio furnisii in Japan and the Philippines.

Okumura

Nakajima

Hata

et al. 1990

Jap. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.

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Laboratory examinations on fecal specimens collected from 34 subjects who complained of diarrhea on an occasion of group checkup in January 1987 at Bacolod City, Negros Island, the Republic of the Philippines, revealed Vibrio furnissii in 2 of these cases (5.9%). Meanwhile, in June 1987, three siblings who had eaten a luncheon packed in a chip box, especially fishes and shellfishes such as sliced raw turbo, ark shell and tuna meat, deep fried prawns and mackerel sushi served at a Buddhist service for the death, developed diarrhea in a Osaka City. Bacteriological examination of fecal specimens from them demonstrated Vibrio furnissii. These three cases were diagnosed as food poisoning due to contamination with this pathogen. Diarrhea, gripes, nausea, vomiting and fever were the principal manifestations with which all these patients presented. The symptoms appeared 10-14 hours after the luncheon and diarrhea persisted for 12 to 30 hours. One patient had mixed infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and was eventually in a serious condition with dehydration. These three cases of food poisoning due to Vibrio furnissii infection are the first to be reported in Japan, to our knowledge. It is generally recognized that pathogenic strains of Vibrio furnissii and Vibrio parahaemolyticus cause infection in man chiefly by way of contaminated fishes and shellfishes, hence important as causative agents for food poisoning.

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“…Foodborne outbreaks were reported in several communities implicating V. fluvialis alone or with either V. parahaemolyticus/Salmonella spp. (Tokoro et al, 1984; Chowdhury et al, 2013). …”

Section: Sporadic Cases and Outbreaks Of Diarrhea Due To V Fluvialismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen

et al. 2014

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Vibrio fluvialis is a pathogen commonly found in coastal environs. Considering recent increase in numbers of diarrheal outbreaks and sporadic extraintestinal cases, V. fluvialis has been considered as an emerging pathogen. Though this pathogen can be easily isolated by existing culture methods, its identification is still a challenging problem due to close phenotypic resemblance either with Vibrio cholerae or Aeromonas spp. However, using molecular tools, it is easy to identify V. fluvialis from clinical and different environmental samples. Many putative virulence factors have been reported, but its mechanisms of pathogenesis and survival fitness in the environment are yet to be explored. This chapter covers some of the major discoveries that have been made to understand the importance of V. fluvialis.

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Community Outbreaks of Mixed Food Borne Infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio fluvialis

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis -LikeStrains Implicated in Limp LobsterDisease

Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis -LikeStrains Implicated in Limp LobsterDisease

Community outbreaks of food borne infection with so-called Vibrio furnisii in Japan and the Philippines.

Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen

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