“…• Improve parents' verbal responsiveness to children, provide more stimulating activities to children, increase parents' level of reading to children, strengthen children's language and literacy skills, increase children's problem-solving skills, improve school readiness, cognitive skills and academic achievement, and narrow achievement gaps between majority and minority group children (Black et al 1994;Brooks-Gunn and Markman 2005;Johnson, Howell, and Molloy 1993;Landry et al 2012;Myers and Hertenberg 1987;Reese, Sparks, and Leyva 2010;Turner, Nye, andSchwartz 2004/2005;Gardner et al 2003). …”