Community Monitoring of Environmental Change: College-Based Limnological Studies at Crazy Lake (Tasirluk), Nunavut

Dyck, Markus

doi:10.14430/arctic265

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In Churchill, MB (58.72°N, 93.78°W), the measured premelt percentage of white to total ice for Malcolm Ramsey Lake was 16% in 2009 and 6% in 2010 (field data used in Brown & Duguay, ). Further north, Dyck () found that white ice represented only 7% of total ice cover during the winter of 2005–2006 on Baffin Island, NU (63.51°N, 68.28°W), whereas further north yet in the High Arctic on Small Lake, near Resolute, NU (74.35°N, 95.05°W), white ice cover represented <4% of the total ice thickness measured in an auger hole during May 2016 (Brown, unpublished data), clearly showing the stark difference in composition of northern lake ice to temperate lake ice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice processes on medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes

Ariano

Brown

2019

Hydrological Processes

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Lake ice supports a range of socio-economic and cultural activities including transportation and winter recreational actives. The influence of weather patterns on ice-cover dynamics of temperate lakes requires further understanding for determining how changes in ice composition will impact ice safety and the range of ecosystem services provided by seasonal ice cover. An investigation of lake ice formation and decay for three lakes in Central Ontario, Canada, took place over the course of two winters, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017, through the use of outdoor digital cameras, a ShallowWater Ice Profiler (upward-looking sonar), and weekly field measurements. Temperature fluctuations across 0°C promoted substantial early season white ice growth, with lesser amounts of black ice forming later in the season. Ice thickening processes observed were mainly through meltwater, or midwinter rain, refreezing on the ice surface. Snow redistribution was limited, with frequent melt events limiting the duration of fresh snow on the ice, leading to a fairly uniform distribution of white ice across the lakes in 2015-2016 (standard deviations week to week ranging from 3 to 5 cm), but with slightly more variability in 2016-2017 when more snow accumulated over the season (5 to 11 cm). White ice dominated the end-of-season ice composition for both seasons representing more than 70% of the total ice thickness, which is a stark contrast to Arctic lake ice that is composed mainly of black ice. This research has provided the first detailed lake ice processes and conditions from medium-sized north-temperate lakes and provided important information on temperate region lake ice characteristics that will enhance the understanding of the response of temperate lake ice to climate and provide insight on potential changes to more northern ice regimes under continued climate warming. KEYWORDS ice thickness, lake ice, Shallow Water Ice Profiler, snow cover, temperate region 1 | INTRODUCTION Global lake abundance is highest for latitudes 45-75°N (Verpoorter, Kutser, Seekell, & Tranvik, 2014), resulting in lakes comprising a large portion of the Northern Hemisphere. In some regions, lakes are estimated to represent up to 40% of the total surface area (Duguay et al., 2003). Research investigating the response of ice phenology to climate change is important for understanding the role lakes play in surface-atmosphere interactions (Duguay et al., 2003) and the annual recurrence of freeze-thaw cycles allows ice phenology to be a useful proxy indicator for climate change (Futter, 2003; Magnuson et al., 2000); both lake ice cover and thickness are considered "Essential Climate Variables" by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS, 2016). Investigation into the spatial and temporal patterns of ice phenology has occurred at a magnitude of spatial scales spanning single lakes to the hemisphere scale. Some recent examples include Cheng ;33:2434-2448. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hyp et al. (2014), who investigate ice thickness and duration for Lake Orajärvi in nor...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice processes on medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes

Ariano

Brown

2019

Hydrological Processes

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“…Snow ice measurements are not recorded in the historical archives, however a study on Baffin Island near Iqaluit, Nunavut, found a 7 % ratio of snow ice to maximum ice thickness during the 2005-2006 winter (Dyck, 2007). The 1961-1990 mean ratio in this area was ∼6 %.…”

Section: Validation Of Ice Phenology and Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 95%

The fate of lake ice in the North American Arctic

Brown

Duguay

2011

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Lakes comprise a large portion of the surface cover in northern North America, forming an important part of the cryosphere. The timing of lake ice phenological events (e.g. break-up/freeze-up) is a useful indicator of climate variability and change, which is of particular relevance in environmentally sensitive areas such as the North American Arctic. Further alterations to the present day ice regime could result in major ecosystem changes, such as species shifts and the disappearance of perennial ice cover. The Canadian Lake Ice Model (CLIMo) was used to simulate lake ice phenology across the North American Arctic from 1961-2100 using two climate scenarios produced by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM). Results from the 1961-1990 time period were validated using 15 locations across the Canadian Arctic, with both in situ ice cover observations from the Canadian Ice Database as well as additional ice cover simulations using nearby weather station data. Projected changes to the ice cover using the 30-year mean data between 1961-1990 and 2041-2070 suggest a shift in break-up and freeze-up dates for most areas ranging from 10-25 days earlier (break-up) and 0-15 days later (freeze-up). The resulting ice cover durations show mainly a 10-25 day reduction for the shallower lakes (3 and 10 m) and 10-30 day reduction for the deeper lakes (30 m). More extreme reductions of up to 60 days (excluding the loss of perennial ice cover) were shown in the coastal regions compared to the interior continental areas. The mean maximum ice thickness was shown to decrease by 10-60 cm with no snow cover and 5-50 cm with snow cover on the ice. Snow ice was also shown to increase through most of the study area with the exception of the Alaskan coastal areas.

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“…Two studies identify the importance of government-level adaptation interventions to address barriers to adaptation and drivers of emerging vulnerabilities, arguing that impacts of climate change can be managed with appropriate intervention and support mechanisms (Ford et al, 2007(Ford et al, , 2010a. Other projects have sought to build adaptive capacity through actively engaging communities in research, which includes integrated community-based monitoring networks to facilitate greater sharing between communities regarding travel conditions (Gearheard et al, 2006;Tremblay et al, 2006Tremblay et al, , 2008Huntington et al, 2009;Weatherhead et al, 2010), environmental change monitoring (Dyck, 2007), and open houses to increase understanding of scientific research and findings (Hanesiak et al, 2010).…”

Section: Infrastructure and Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Human Dimensions of Climate Change in Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis

Ford¹,

Bolton²,

Shirley³

et al. 2012

ARCTIC

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Research on the human dimensions of climate change (HDCC) in the Canadian Arctic has expanded so rapidly over the past decade that we do not have a clear grasp of the current state of knowledge or research gaps. This lack of clarity has implications for duplication of climate policy and research, and it has been identified as a problem by communities, scientists, policy makers, and northern organizations. Our review of current knowledge about the HDCC in Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut indicates that the effects of climate change on subsistence harvesting and other land-based activities and the determinants of vulnerability and adaptation to such changes are well understood. However, the effects of climate change on health are less known. In the nascent research on this topic, studies on food security and personal safety dominate, and little peer-reviewed scholarship focuses on the business and economic sector. Published research shows a strong bias toward case studies in smaller communities, especially communities in Nunavut. Such studies have focused primarily on negative impacts of climate change, present-day vulnerabilities, and adaptive capacity, but studies proposing opportunities for adaptation intervention are beginning to emerge. While documenting the serious risks posed by climate change, they also highlight the adaptability of northern populations and the effects of economic-political stresses on vulnerability to changing climate. We note the absence of studies that examine how Northerners can benefit from new opportunities that may arise from climate change, or assess how the interaction of future climatic and socioeconomic changes (specifically, resource development and enhanced shipping) will affect their experience of and response to climate change, or discuss the broader determinants of vulnerability and adaptation.

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Community Monitoring of Environmental Change: College-Based Limnological Studies at Crazy Lake (Tasirluk), Nunavut

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Ice processes on medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes

Ice processes on medium‐sized north‐temperate lakes

The fate of lake ice in the North American Arctic

Research on the Human Dimensions of Climate Change in Nunavut, Nunavik, and Nunatsiavut: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis

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