Community hierarchy of needs and policing models: toward a new theory of police organizational behavior

Community policing and the organizational structure of campus law enforcement agencies

“…In terms of the influence of agency characteristics on the implementation of community policing in campus law enforcement, the findings that larger agencies with a greater number of employees, regular tasks and a greater number of policies reflect similar findings in municipal police studies (de Guzman and Kim, 2017). However, the finding that agencies implementing a greater level of community policing report higher property crime rates is surprising because crime rates were not influential factors in community policing of municipal agencies (de Guzman and Kim, 2017). One reason for this could be the low reporting rate of crime on campus, or that campus crime has no impact on community policing efforts.…”

“…The findings of the study confirm that few organizational variables influence the implementation of community policing in campus law enforcement; however, some agency characteristics and crime rates do influence community policing activities. The finding that formalization presented a significant and positive relationship with community policing supports Hancock's (2016) and de Guzman and Kim's (2017) findings, although it does not align with the philosophy of community policing that greater levels of community policing should correspond with fewer written policies. Likewise, these more recent data reflect Hancock's (2016) findings that other structural variables such as functional differentiation, occupational differentiation and vertical differentiation are not significantly associated with campus community policing, whereas de Guzman and Kim (2017) found such significant relationships exist in municipal police agencies.…”

“…Of the four structural variables in their model, three presented significant positive relationships with community policing; however, not all were relationships that coincide with community policing expected structure. While increases in civilianization were associated with community policing, others such as specialization and number of formal policies were not reduced as had been expected (de Guzman and Kim, 2017). The researchers also accounted for other agency and environmental factors, finding that characteristics such as task scope and location were predictors, but jurisdictional crime rates were not (de Guzman and Kim, 2017).…”

“…In a more recent study, de Guzman and Kim (2017) advocated the importance of considering community factors along with organizational variables. Of the four structural variables in their model, three presented significant positive relationships with community policing; however, not all were relationships that coincide with community policing expected structure.…”

Modeli, pristopi in izzivi policijske dejavnosti v Sloveniji

“…Glavni razlog za nesprejemanje tega modela ter posledično odsotnost strateškega in proaktivnega pristopa je povezan tudi z neobstojem dokazov, s katerimi bi lahko potrdili, kako pomemben je učinek PDS na kriminaliteto (Crank et al, 2010). Raziskovalci ugotavljajo, da ni mogoče z veliko mero prepričljivosti trditi, da PDS na splošno pomembno vpliva na zmanjšanje kriminalitete; poleg tega se dejanski učinki na posamezne skupnosti razlikujejo in so po svojih lastnostih precej pestri (de Guzman in Kim, 2017;Zhao, 2004). Vendar nas tovrstna razhajanja pri izvajanju PDS, kot poudarjata de Guzman in Kim (2017), ne bi smela presenetiti, saj mora ta model upoštevati potrebe skupnosti, ki ji služi.…”