“…Downloaded by [Chulalongkorn University] at 08:50 03 January 2015 DUFFY Participation is a critical link in an empowering process (Downey, Anyaebgunam, et al, 2009;Hardina, 2003) where practice and research should be "community-based" not merely "community-placed" (Minkler & Wallerstein, 2003, p. 3). There are still too many top-down project models that target people (Hanks, 2006) as if they are something to be attacked, instead of a source for collaborative partnership. Professionals often fail to recognize and value local knowledge within communities and may be reluctant to share power as they consider themselves experts (Brown, McWilliam, & Ward-Griffin, 2006;Hanks, 2006).…”