Community composition and spatial energetics of mesopelagic fishes and squids in the eastern Bering Sea as influenced by habitat variables

Energy density of mesopelagic fishes from the Atlantic Ocean

“…Differences in energy content in organisms are attributed to numerous factors, such as population size, time of year, geographical location, sex and maturity state, feeding condition, lifestyle, length size and population structure of prey organisms (Eder & Lewis, 2005; Lawson et al ., 1998; Lea et al ., 2002; Sinclair et al ., 2022; Tierney et al ., 2002). The EDs estimated in the present investigation were similar to those obtained in other studies for mesopelagic fishes (Table 3) (Bailey & Robison, 1986; Spitz et al ., 2010; Stickney & Torres, 1989).…”

“…Prey quality is primarily determined using the differences in lipid content, a factor which differs considerably among fish species (Clarke, 1980; Clarke & Prince, 1980; Hislop et al ., 1991; Van Pelt et al ., 1997), even at the intraspecific level. Nonetheless, multiple factors ( e.g ., size, sex, month, temperature or locality) can substantially influence the final lipid content and ED of a species (Croxall & Prince, 1982; Donnelly et al ., 1993; Lea et al ., 2002; Mr̊rtensson et al ., 1996; Paul et al ., 1998; Sinclair et al ., 2022; Tierney et al ., 2002).…”

“…and migration pattern (M, migrants; PM, partial migrants and NM, non-migrants) of 34 species of mesopelagic fishes sampled in the equatorial and tropical Atlantic waters Prince , 1980;Hislop et al, 1991;Van Pelt et al, 1997), even at the intraspecific level. Nonetheless, multiple factors (e.g., size, sex, month, temperature or locality) can substantially influence the final lipid content and ED of a species (Croxall & Prince, 1982;Donnelly et al, 1993;Lea et al, 2002;Mrrtensson et al, 1996;Paul et al, 1998;Sinclair et al, 2022;Tierney et al, 2002).…”