“…There are various ways to evaluate bank efficiency, including production theory, intermediary theory, asset theory (Collard-Wexler & De Loecker, 2016; Elyasiani & Mehdian, 1990; McKee & Kagan, 2018 ). As banks gradually evolve into more comprehensive financial service providers (Song et al, 2018), the impact of intelligent technology is widespread (Fumiko et al, 2020), and so, based on our research purpose, we have endeavored to measure efficiency in terms of the full menu of each institution’s financial services.…”