Abstract:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and risk factors for the acquisition of MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) as the main cause of skin and soft tissue infections. S. aureus were characterized for the presence of PVL, TSST-1 and mecA genes. SCCmec typing was carried out in mecA positive strains and PFGE was performed only in these strains. During the study period, 127 outpatients attending a dermatology clinical the Botucatu Medical School, a regional… Show more
“…The TSST-1 gene was identified in 5% of the S. aureus isolates, all MSSA. Similar results have been reported in other studies [34,35]. A low frequency of the PVL gene was also observed in other studies conducted in the region [22,35,36].…”
Objective
To evaluate the molecular epidemiology and to georeference Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds and nares of patients seen at Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a Brazilian city.
Methods
Observational, cross‐sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2013. A total of 119 S. aureus strains isolated from the wounds and nares of 88 patients were studied. The isolates were characterised by identifying virulence genes encoding enterotoxins A–E, haemolysins α, β and δ, exfoliatins A, B and D, biofilm production, Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence and spa typing.
Results
Eighteen methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (6 SCCmec type II and 12 SCCmec type IV) and 101 (85%) MSSA were identified. PFGE typing resulted in the formation of eight clusters, with STs 1, 5, 8, 30, 188, 1176 and 1635 and spa type t002 being the predominant types among MSSA. The 18 MRSA belonged to STs 5, 8 and 1176 and spa types t002 and t062.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate widespread dissemination of MSSA and MRSA clones carrying haemolysin, biofilm and toxin genes. Kernel density estimation revealed the highest density of S. aureus in the 4, 5 and 8 BHUs.
“…The TSST-1 gene was identified in 5% of the S. aureus isolates, all MSSA. Similar results have been reported in other studies [34,35]. A low frequency of the PVL gene was also observed in other studies conducted in the region [22,35,36].…”
Objective
To evaluate the molecular epidemiology and to georeference Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds and nares of patients seen at Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a Brazilian city.
Methods
Observational, cross‐sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2013. A total of 119 S. aureus strains isolated from the wounds and nares of 88 patients were studied. The isolates were characterised by identifying virulence genes encoding enterotoxins A–E, haemolysins α, β and δ, exfoliatins A, B and D, biofilm production, Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence and spa typing.
Results
Eighteen methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (6 SCCmec type II and 12 SCCmec type IV) and 101 (85%) MSSA were identified. PFGE typing resulted in the formation of eight clusters, with STs 1, 5, 8, 30, 188, 1176 and 1635 and spa type t002 being the predominant types among MSSA. The 18 MRSA belonged to STs 5, 8 and 1176 and spa types t002 and t062.
Conclusion
The results demonstrate widespread dissemination of MSSA and MRSA clones carrying haemolysin, biofilm and toxin genes. Kernel density estimation revealed the highest density of S. aureus in the 4, 5 and 8 BHUs.
“…It was previously reported that S. aureus was responsible for 8-18% of all skin diseases in travelers returning from abroad without specific geographical repartition [16]. No mecA resistance genes were found in our survey which does not corroborate results obtained in patients living in or returning from developing countries and suffering skin infections [16][17][18][19]. This could result from the small effective of S. aureus skin infections in our study.…”
By targeting the most commonly encountered causative agents of travel-related skin infections, our strategy provides a sensitive and rapid diagnostic method.
“…The prevalence of MRSA was higher in our study compared to similar studies from Turkey (31.81%) (16), Beijing (3%) (17), Egypt (47.37%) (18), and Sao Paulo (10.6%) (15). It was similar to the rate reported from Torrance, California (66.57%) (3), and lower than the rate found in a general report from the United States (79%) (19).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 68%
“…Identification of the mecA gene is the most reliable method to identify MRSA carriers early in their hospitalization. This allows the prompt initiation of isolation measures to minimize MRSA transmission to other patients and health care providers (15).…”
IntroductionAmong staphylococcal species, Staphylococcus aureus has been shown as a clinically relevant human pathogen, and in many individuals it may lead to asymptomatic colonization (1). Various infections from skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) to life-threatening infections like endovascular infections, pneumonia, septic arthritis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis are caused by this bacterium (2). Carriage of S. aureus is a risk factor for subsequent infection in various settings. Recent investigations suggest that nares-only screening may underestimate the prevalence of S. aureus colonization, and accurate determination requires sampling from other body sites (3). The spread of antibiotic resistance among strains of S. aureus has been dramatically elevated, such that methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is recognized as a nosocomial pathogen worldwide. MRSA strains were once exclusively limited to hospital care; however, after outbreaks of infection in hospitals and health care facilities they have increasingly been detected among patients in the community who lack conventional risk factors for MRSA infection (4). MRSA represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both hospital and community settings, which raises serious concerns in the treatment of staphylococcal infections; hence, the accurate and early determination of methicillin resistance is a necessity for the prognosis of S. aureus infections (5). Most MRSA and some methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates produce Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a pore-forming toxin consisting of two subunits S (LukE) and F (LukD) (6,7). It has become increasingly important as a virulence factor in necrotizing SSTIs such as furuncle and pneumonia (6). Both MSSA and community-associated MRSA can express PVL (8). Contrary to European countries (9), PVL-associated infections are increasing in some regions of Iran (10). This study aimed to assess the microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of purulent skin infections caused by S. aureus in Shiraz, southern Iran.Background/aim: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing in some regions of Iran. The aim of the current study was to assess the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from patients with skin infections in Shiraz, Iran.Materials and methods: Swab samples were obtained from patients admitted to the skin and burn units of hospitals. The medical records of each patient were collected via questionnaire. All staphylococcal isolates were collected and examined by conventional methods for detecting S. aureus strains. PCR was used to detect S. aureus harboring the mecA and pvl genes.Results: Out of 243 staphylococcal isolates, 55 (22.6%) S. aureus and 91 (37.4%) S. epidermidis were detected. Of the 45 patients, 21 (46.7%) were S. aureus carriers. The mecA gene was identified in 60% of S. aureus isolates, and the rest were sensitive to methicillin. Of the S. aur...
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