Community Aerial Mosquito Control and Naled Exposure

Abstract

In October 2004, the Florida Department of Health (FLDOH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assessed human exposure to ultra-low volume (ULV) aerial application of naled. Teams administered activity questionnaires regarding pesticide exposure and obtained baseline urine samples to quantify prespray naled metabolite levels. Following the spray event, participants were asked to collect postspray urine specimens within 12 h of the spray event and at 8-h intervals for up to 40 h. Upon completion, a postspray activity questionnaire was administered to study participants. Two hundred five (87%) participants completed the study. The urine analysis showed that although 67% of prespray urine samples had detectable levels of a naled metabolite, the majority of postspray samples were below the limit of detection (< LOD). Only at the "postspray 6" time period, which corresponds to a time greater than 5 half-lives (> 40 h) following exposure, the number of samples with detectable levels exceeded 50%. There was a significant decrease in naled metabolites from prespray to postspray (= .02), perhaps associated with a significant reduction (< or = 0.05) in some participants that may have resulted in pesticide exposure by means other than the mosquito control operations. These data suggest that aerial spraying of naled does not result in increased levels of naled in humans, provided the naled is used according to label instructions.

West Nile Virus: Review of the Literature

“…73 Human health risks associated with ultra-low volume organophosphate or synthetic pyrethroid use appear negligible, largely because the timing of application and low volume of pesticide used result in minimal human exposure. 74,75 …”

Bystander Exposure to Ultra-Low-Volume Insecticide Applications Used for Adult Mosquito Management

“…Kutz and Strassman [57] and Duprey et al [58] demonstrated that aerial spraying of naled did not result in increased levels of organophosphate urinary metabolites in humans. Other studies have shown that there were no significant increases in asthma related visits to hospitals after ULV applications of pyrethroid insecticides [56–60].…”

A quantitative approach for integrating multiple lines of evidence for the evaluation of environmental health risks

“…A decade after the initial response to WNV, several quantitative human-health and ecological risk assessments have been conducted to estimate the magnitude of risks associated with the insecticides ( Davis, 2007 ; Davis, Peterson & Macedo, 2007 ; Gosselin et al, 2008 ; Macedo, Peterson & Davis, 2007 ; New York City Department of Health, 2005 ; Peterson, Macedo & Davis, 2006 ; Schleier III, 2008 ; Schleier III et al, 2009a ; Schleier III et al, 2008a ; Schleier III et al, 2009b ; Schleier III et al, 2008b ; Suffolk County, 2006 ; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2005b ; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2005c ; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2005d ; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2006a ; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2006b ; United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2006c ; Valcke, Gosselin & Belleville, 2008 ). Also, there have been epidemiology and biomonitoring studies measuring the health effects after potential exposure to mosquito adulticides ( Currier et al, 2005 ; Duprey et al, 2008 ; Karpati et al, 2004 ; Kutz & Strassman, 1977 ; O’Sullivan et al, 2005 ). Most studies suggest negligible public health risks from exposure to adulticides; however, no study has quantitatively combined the results from risk assessment, epidemiology, and biomonitoring studies, and their seemingly disparate data metrics, to obtain an overall estimate of the risk.…”