Community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children in Oslo, Norway

Abstract

Pneumonia, seen in a paediatric department in Oslo, is a common but benign disease. Penicillin is effective as treatment for pneumonia in Norwegian children.

Trends in Hospitalization of Children with Bacterial Pneumonia in Poland

“…One of the most significant challenges for public health all over the world is that antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, including pneumococci, circulate on a wider scale than before, and especially that these resistant microorganisms display increasingly high drug-resistance mechanisms (5,7,10).…”

“…Many studies show that S. pneumoniae is the most frequent pathogen of invasive bacterial infections of children and it is responsible for the majority of cases of pneumonia in this age group (4,6). A serious course of the disease often requires hospitalization (7,8). As evidenced by research, the most invasive infections concern babies under 2 years of age (9,10).…”

Complicated pneumonia in children

“…Two prospective population-based studies estimate that incidence of CAP is 32.8-33.8 cases per 10 000 children under the age of 5 years or 14.4-14.7 cases per 10 000 children under the age of 16 years in northern Europe [2,3]; the majority of these patients will be managed effectively by primary care, though the threshold for referral and admission to hospital in those less than 6 months of age should be lower [4]. Hospitalisation rates for CAP in children range from 9.5% to 42% [5][6][7] and the median time to resolution of symptoms in children with oxygen saturations of .85% at the time of admission is 9 days, regardless of whether treatment is with oral amoxicillin or intravenous benzylpenicillin [8].…”

Home risk factors for childhood pneumonia in Nanjing, China

“…By comparison, the incidence of pneumonia and acute respiratory infections is quite low in developed countries [10]. It is reported that the incidence of childhood pneumonia is only 0.02% to 0.38% episodes per child-year among children <5 years old in Norway, USA, Finland, Scotland and UK [11][12][13][14], while it was reported that to be 6%-27% episodes per childe-year among children <5 years in China [9]. The same conclusions were found by Rudan et al [3] that the incidence estimated to be 0.29 episodes per child-year in developing and 0.05 episodes per child-year in developed countries among children<5 years.…”