Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/EMPH&gt; in a Rural American Indian Community

Groom, Amy V.; Wolsey, Darcy H.; Naimi, Timothy S.; Smith, Kirk E.; Johnson, Sue; Boxrud, Dave; Moore, Kristine A.; Cheek, James E.

doi:10.1001/jama.286.10.1201

Cited by 329 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In vitro susceptibility to clindamycin (CL), trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, erythromycin (ER), quinolone antibiotics and tetracyclines has frequently been reported (Hussain et al, 2000;Groom et al, 2001;Naimi et al, 2001). The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS B ) family of antibiotics is commonly used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections (Fiebelkorn et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Yılmaz

Aydın

İskender

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

116

104

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Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are recognized as causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections in every region of the world. The resistance to antimicrobial agents among staphylococci is an increasing problem. Clindamycin (CL) is considered to be one of the alternative agents in these infections. This study demonstrates a simple, reliable method (double-disc diffusion test) for detecting inducible resistance to CL in erythromycin-resistance (ER-R) isolates of S. aureus and CNS. A total of 883 (52.3 %) isolates of S. aureus and 804 (47.7 %) isolates of CNS were selected from recent (2003)(2004)(2005) clinical isolates recovered in the laboratory of the authors; duplicate isolates were not included. A total of 214 (12.6 %) S. aureus and 308 (18.3 %) CNS isolates were selected based on ER-R and CL sensitivity using standard National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards disc diffusion testing. A total of 1687 staphylococcal isolates were included, consisting of 27.5 % meticillin-resistant S. aureus, 24.8 % meticillin-sensitive S. aureus, 36.1 % meticillin-resistant CNS and 11.6 % meticillin-sensitive CNS isolates: 30.9 % of staphylococcal isolates (214 S. aureus and 308 CNS) that were erythromycin resistant and CL sensitive were tested for inducible resistance using the D-test. A D-shaped zone around the CL was observed for 70.9 % of staphylococcal isolates (81.8 % of S. aureus isolates and 63.3 % of CNS isolates) with an ER-R and a clindamycin-sensitive (CL-S) phenotype. The organism was positive for inducible clindamycin resistance (CL-R). There was a 21.9 % level of inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotype among all the staphylococcal isolates. When the S. aureus and CNS strains among all the staphylococcal isolates were compared statistically, inducible CL-R in CNS strains was determined to be 23 % more positive (P=0.028, odds ratio 0.77, 95 % confidence interval 0.61-0.98). When a statistical comparison was performed among ER-R but CL-S staphylococcal isolates inducible CL-R in S. aureus strains was determined to be 2.6 times more positive (P=0.000, odds ratio 2.6, 95 % confidence interval 1.68-4.04). A simple, reliable method of detecting inducible resistance to CL in ER-R isolates of S. aureus and CNS is described. Clinical microbiology laboratories should use the double-disc diffusion test as standard practice with all ER-R staphylococci. CL should not be used in patients with infections caused by inducibly resistant staphylococcal isolates. Therapeutic failures may thus be avoided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Yılmaz

Aydın

İskender

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

116

104

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“…USA400 isolates were associated with the deaths of four children in Minnesota and North Dakota in 1999 (6), all of whom were treated with cephalosporins. An isolate of the same lineage as USA400 (also known as S. aureus MW-2) was responsible for a series of infections in health care settings across Canada (61), infections in Native Americans (31) and among children in day care (33), and an outbreak of S. aureus infection on a maternity ward of a hospital in New York (62). USA300 isolates have been recovered from a variety of community populations, including children (5,39), correctional facility inmates (7,10), participants in sports teams (9,40), men who have sex with men (8,34,42), and military recruits (72).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United States

Tenover¹,

McDougal²,

Goering³

et al. 2006

Journal of Infection

151

221

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A highly stable strain of Staphylococcus aureus with a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type of USA300 and multilocus sequence type 8 has been isolated from patients residing in diverse geographic regions of the United States. This strain, designated USA300-0114, is a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections among persons in community settings, including day care centers and correctional facilities, and among sports teams, Native Americans, men who have sex with men, and military recruits. The organism is typically resistant to penicillin, oxacillin, and erythromycin (the latter mediated by msrA) and carries SCCmec type IVa. This strain is variably resistant to tetracycline [mediated by tet(K)]; several recent isolates have decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. S. aureus USA300-0114 harbors the genes encoding the Panton-Valentine leucocidin toxin. DNA sequence analysis of the direct repeat units within the mec determinant of 30 USA300-0114 isolates revealed differences in only a single isolate. Plasmid analysis identified a common 30-kb plasmid that hybridized with blaZ and msrA probes and a 3.1-kb cryptic plasmid. A 4.3-kb plasmid encoding tet(K) and a 2.6-kb plasmid encoding ermC were observed in a few isolates. DNA microarray analysis was used to determine the genetic loci for a series of virulence factors and genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. Comparative genomics between USA300-0114 and three other S. aureus lineages (USA100, USA400, and USA500) defined a set of USA300-0114-specific genes, which may facilitate the strain's pathogenesis within diverse environments.

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“…Forty-six of 62 (74%) MRSA infections were classified as community-acquired at an Indian Health Service outpatient clinic in a rural midwestern community (21). Community-acquired MRSA has been identified among Australian Aboriginals from remote communities in the Northern Territory (22).…”

Section: Data From Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> in First Nations communities in Canada

2005

Paediatrics and Child Health

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Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant <EMPH TYPE="ITAL">Staphylococcus aureus</EMPH> in a Rural American Indian Community

Abstract: Community-acquired MRSA may have replaced community-acquired MSSA as the dominant strain in this community. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and PFGE subtyping support the finding that MRSA is circulating beyond nosocomial settings in this and possibly other rural US communities.

Cited by 329 publications

References 31 publications

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Detection and prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci

Characterization of a strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus widely disseminated in the United States

Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> in First Nations communities in Canada

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