Communications: Eye Abnormalities of Lake Trout Exposed to Gas Supersaturation

Krise, William F.; Smith, Reginald A.

doi:10.1577/1548-8640(1993)055<0177:ceaolt>2.3.co;2

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Infestation with eye flukes, Diplostomum spp. and intraocular infections, as well as environmental and toxicological factors may cause irreversible lenticular damage in salmonids (Ashton, Brown & Easty 1969; Sharif, Richards & Sommerville 1980; Fraser, Duncan & Tomlinson 1990; Krise & Smith 1993; Cullen, Monteith‐McMaster & Sivak 1994; Laycock, Schirmer, Bols & Sivak 2000). Genetically linked predisposition in trout and Atlantic salmon have been demonstrated (Kincaid 1989; Wall & Richards 1992; Breck, Bjerkås, Campbell, Arnesen, Haldorsen & Waagbø 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Breck¹,

Bjerkås

Campbell

et al. 2005

Journal of Fish Diseases

123

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The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary levels of histidine (His) and iron (Fe) on cataract development in two strains of Atlantic salmon monitored through parr-smolt transformation. Three experimental diets were fed: (i) a control diet (CD) with 110 mg kg )1 Fe and 11.7 g kg )1 His; (ii) CD supplemented with crystalline His to a level of 18 g kg )1 (HD); and (iii) HD with added iron up to 220 mg kg )1 (HID). A cross-over design, with two feeding periods was used. A 6-week freshwater (FW) period was followed by a 20-week period, of which the first three were in FW and the following 17 weeks in sea water (SW). Fish were sampled for weighing, cataract assessment and tissue analysis at five time points. Cataracts developed in all groups in SW, but scores were lower in those fed high His diets (P < 0.05). This effect was most pronounced when HD or HID was given in SW, but was also observed when these diets were given in FW only. Histidine supplementation had a positive effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05), whereas this did not occur when iron was added. Groups fed HD or HID had higher lens levels of His and N-acetyl histidine (NAH), the latter showing a marked increase post-smoltification (P < 0.05). The HD or HID groups also showed higher muscle concentrations of the His dipeptide anserine (P < 0.05). There was a strong genetic influence on cataract development in the CD groups (P < 0.001), not associated with tissue levels of His or NAH. The role of His and Hisrelated compounds in cataractogenesis is discussed in relation to tissue buffering, osmoregulation and antioxidation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Breck¹,

Bjerkås

Campbell

et al. 2005

Journal of Fish Diseases

123

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“…This consistency in operation is important and has not always been achieved. For example, some researchers applied treatments that were dependent on mixing warm and cold water from lakes (Machado et al 1987;Krise and Smith 1993;Mesa and Warren 1997) or pumping water from depth (Beyer et al 1976;Bouck 1980). These types of control systems often varied from month to month, yielding highly variable saturation, water temperature, and gas partial pressure treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To create a gas-supersaturated environment, researchers have used a variety of techniques, including (1) mixing warm and cold water (Machado et al 1987;Krise and Smith 1993;Mesa and Warren 1997), (2) using pressurized water from depth (Beyer et al 1976;Bouck 1980), (3) utilizing air-injected pressure systems (Rucker and Kangas 1974;Gray et al 1982Gray et al , 1985Shrimpton et al 1990;Caldwell and Hinshaw 1994;Schisler et al 1999), or (4) using a combination of heating and air injection (Chamberlain et al 1980). The methods employed generally have created a single saturation level and have not allowed for control of water temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simple Apparatus for Maintaining Gas‐Supersaturated Seawater in the Laboratory for Experimental Purposes

Smiley

Drawbridge

2008

N American J Aquac

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Gas bubble disease caused by supersaturated conditions is generally well understood for commercially important freshwater species, such as salmon and trout, but very little is known about impacts to marine finfish culture. We developed a relatively simple, low‐cost apparatus to expose juvenile white seabass Atractoscion nobilis and striped bass Morone saxatilis to multiple gas saturation levels simultaneously. We found that the system was capable of operating under different temperatures and accommodating a range of juvenile fish sizes. Gas saturation treatments were maintained by mixing a supersaturated seawater source with a saturated one. The supersaturated seawater source was created by reducing pressure of an air‐ or oxygen‐equilibrated water source maintained at a pressure of 623.2 mm Hg. The saturated seawater source was achieved by degassing seawater using a packed column. By mixing these two water sources manually by use of needle valves, differential gas pressures (ΔP) ranging from 0.0 to 167.2 mm Hg were maintained. The control treatment level ranged from −35.7 to 0 mm Hg and was maintained using a vacuum degasser. Oxygen‐nitrogen (O2:N2) ratios ranged from 0.83 to 1.41. Temperature within the experiment was computer controlled. The supersaturation apparatus operated very effectively and delivered treatment levels that were stable and significantly different from one another throughout all trials.

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“…Bouck (1984) observed that the TDG pressure in water is different in different seasons. Krise and Smith (1993) and Mesa and Warren (1997) created supersaturated TDG water by mixing hot and cold water artificially. Jiang et al (2008b) carried out field observations in the Minjiang River downstream of the Zipingpu Dam and showed that the water temperature affects TDG supersaturation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

Shen

Liu

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Communications: Eye Abnormalities of Lake Trout Exposed to Gas Supersaturation

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

Histidine nutrition and genotype affect cataract development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

A Simple Apparatus for Maintaining Gas‐Supersaturated Seawater in the Laboratory for Experimental Purposes

Experimental study on the impact of temperature on the dissipation process of supersaturated total dissolved gas

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