This month' s issue of Hospital Pediatrics features 2 articles addressing quality of care for children and families with limited English proficiency (LEP), 1,2 highlighting an important area of growing concern for clinicians and researchers. Children from LEP families make up a large and expanding proportion of the US population, 3 but as these 2 articles show, we continue to face substantial challenges both in providing these children with high-quality, equitable care and in studying them, which is an important prerequisite to developing effective interventions to improve care.A primary challenge in both caring for and studying LEP patients and families lies in correctly identifying them. Many institutions do not consistently collect language data, and those that do often record the primary language spoken at home, which does not adequately identify the presence of a language barrier or the need for interpretation. 4,5 This situation leads to clinicians being unable to rely on the language information captured in the medical record to determine interpreter need, which then encourages many to assess the family' s English ability with each communication and "get by" without an interpreter if they can.6,7 The collection of less helpful or inconsistent language information also makes it very difficult to study language barriers within large databases such as the Pediatric Health Information System, given the variability in the institution-level data.In pediatrics, we face the additional challenge of trying to determine whose English proficiency or interpreter need to document, because different caregivers' needs may differ and not all caregivers are always present. For the purposes of clinical care, it would be ideal to assess and document the English proficiency or interpreter need for each caregiver individually, although the question of how to handle multiproficiency families for research purposes would remain. These challenges are all evident in the definition of the LEP group in the article by Ju et al, 1 in which the authors used a combination of non-English primary language, documentation of interpreter use, and/or having a language barrier documented during the initial nursing assessment. This approach reflects the current limitations of the data collected at most institutions, but resulted in a somewhat counterintuitive LEP group that was larger than the population recorded as speaking a non-English primary language (26.3% LEP but only 18.5% recorded as a non-English primary language). This result may reflect failure to assess and record language for many families, incorrectly assigning families to English, or differences in the proficiency of caregivers present at different times (eg, the English-proficient mom was present at the initial assessment, but the grandmother with LEP