The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching 2018
DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0708
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Communication Strategies and Teaching Speaking

Abstract: Communicative competence refers to a learner's ability to use language to communicate successfully in real‐world situations. Achieving communicative competence in a second or foreign language is a complex process, and language learners frequently encounter problems because they lack the linguistic resources necessary to be completely successful in their communicative endeavors. When communication breaks down, L2 learners need a set of communication strategies to help them repair these breakdowns an… Show more

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“…Achieving communicative competence in a foreign language such as English is a complex process and requires strong effort and much time. Foreign language speakers frequently encounter problems communicating because they lack the linguistic resources necessary to succeed in their communicative endeavors (Palmer & Christison, 2018). Language influences not only communication but also cognitive processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Achieving communicative competence in a foreign language such as English is a complex process and requires strong effort and much time. Foreign language speakers frequently encounter problems communicating because they lack the linguistic resources necessary to succeed in their communicative endeavors (Palmer & Christison, 2018). Language influences not only communication but also cognitive processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During the last decades, communication strategies have become a field of research for many scholars in the field of English as a foreign language (Canale & Swain 1980;Canale, 1983;Willems, 1987;Dörnyei & Scott, 1997;Kay, 2012;Chernysh, 2015;Rosas Maldonado, 2016;Montero, 2017;Martínez-Adrián, Gallardo-del-Puerto & Basterrechea, 2017;Palmer & Christison, 2018).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%