Communication Challenges During the Development and Introduction of a New Meningococcal Vaccine in Africa

Berlier, M.; Barry, Rodrigue; Shadid, John N.; Sirica, Coimbra; Brunier, Alison; Hasan, Hayatee; Bouma, Enricke

doi:10.1093/cid/civ493

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Yet the rich natural resources which are mostly used to enrich elites leading to corrupt practices and diverting development focus, private sector not independent but part of an elite linked system of rent seeking; hostile attitude of many governments towards the private sector, except where they benefit directly [28,30,34]. Furthermore weak and egocentric leadership problems including lack of democracy and culture of patronage and big men chieftain style of ruling, Africa's low population density, lack of critical mass of skilled people to participate in development and urban bias in development to the neglect of rural areas, land holding structures which discourage entrepreneurship and failure to take responsibility to rebuild their own countries including other bureaucracy and socio-economic bottlenecks and challenges 1,5,9,17,19] Our findings showed that information and knowledge are urgently needs in revamping small business and income generating opportunities, practical information on how to eradicate poverty, self-employment opportunities agricultural knowledge to start agricultural projects [17,20,27]. For vulnerable children including elderly people need more adequate health information and recreational/physical opportunities, financial information 'to know where to get medical insurance loans, skills and know how to manage finances and hygiene information.…”

Section: Evidence-based Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Pandemic/mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Eventually, evidence management and sharing process thus became responsible to drive the shared behavioural changes and best practices with an understanding at the same time, important to improve of the overall preparedness, emergency response to care service delivery for impact [17,27].…”

Section: Promoting Evidence-based Translation Into Public Policies Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover by improving on know-how and applied vigilance and community consensus and teamwork implementation for positive psychosocial and behavioural and practices change. Moreover, study and understand the impact of science, technology, and medicine solutions and ways to promote collaboratively and sustainable healthy communities [23,27,31].…”

Section: Value Of Evidence-based Contextual Translation and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecological niche modeling, disease risk modeling, and spatiotemporal cluster analysis, can inform disease surveillance, control efforts, and impact policy [27,21]. Our focus is to posit ways to apply science to health/disease management policy and actual management or mitigation practices.…”

Section: Strengthening Knowledge-based Health Systems Strategies Intementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence Decision-Making Policy Practice in Emerging Pandemics and Epidemics Threats Preparedness and Response Operations in Africa

Tambo¹,

Madjou²,

Khayeka–Wandabwa³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Quality evidence-based decisions and strategies are critical and valuable tools in strengthening health systems policies, strategic priorities action plans and comprehensive care delivery management. Our finding showed that there is scarcity of local/national and internal effective evidence-based and management strategies for informed decision making based on the disease or health epidemics nature, extend, ecological and geo-location of pandemics and epidemics crises burden and impacts. Evidence-based programs or projects are crucial in evolving pandemics and/or (Ebola, meningitis, Cholera and influenza) epidemics persistent morbidity and mortality/ case fatality reduction or prevention; as well as on poverty and inequity alleviation within the vulnerable population and citizenry over time. This paper assesses implications of evidencebased on health systems surveillance and monitoring systems, preparedness and emergency response gaps and needs in improving care delivery uptake and usefulness, coverage and effectiveness in Africa. Furthermore, the article advocates for quality, access to and uptake of knowledge-based policy-decision making and practice improvements in building efficient and standardized surveillance, preparedness and response approaches. Also, in enriching data sharing and inclusiveness through understanding the links between poverty, poor health and inequited related emerging infectious diseases epidemics in Africa. Leveraging on cumulative lessons learnt experiences and innovations in integrating participatory knowledge-based policies and approaches is paramount in fostering vulnerable population awareness and engagement, skills empowerment collaborative productivity and sustainable healthy solutions and measures.Strengthening new partnerships, alliances, and networks requires collaborative and quality evidence policy decisions, appropriate and reliable monitoring and evaluation systems approaches and strategies in improving local preparedness and emergency response capabilities against future emerging infectious diseases epidemics and fast-tracking poverty alleviation knowledge-based livelihoods and health solutions for impact. Furthermore, integrated, participative partnerships and collaborative responsibilities, cost effective and reliable evidence health financing and budget allocation, and targeted capacity development aiming at reducing and averting the burden of poverty related emerging threats and epidemics preparedness and response programs in African countries.Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 4

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Section: Evidence-based Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Pandemic/mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Promoting Evidence-based Translation Into Public Policies Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Value Of Evidence-based Contextual Translation and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strengthening Knowledge-based Health Systems Strategies Intementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evidence Decision-Making Policy Practice in Emerging Pandemics and Epidemics Threats Preparedness and Response Operations in Africa

Tambo¹,

Madjou²,

Khayeka–Wandabwa³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Then, this affordable vaccine so-called MACV or MenAfriVac ® was developed by Serum Institute of India and prequalified in 2009 by WHO. MACV is being introduced in the African meningitis belt countries since 2010 to eliminate meningococcal meningitis caused by N. meningitidis A. MACV was introduced firstly in Burkina Faso [3,[11][12][13][14][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Only the health districts that are at highest risk were selected to introduce MenAfriVac ® .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Meningococcal A Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in the African Meningitis Belt, 2010-2017

Fouda¹

2019

AJBLS

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Meningococcal meningitis remains a burden in the African meningitis belt. Before 2010, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (N. meningitidis A) was the predominant pathogen causing deathly epidemics. The meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MACV, MenAfrivac ® ) protects against N. meningitidis A. It was introduced in 2010 into highest meningitis risk health districts. There was limited data on the effects of MACV, mainly on the degree of relationship between N. meningitidis A and the MACV immunization coverage. The purpose of this quantitative study was to assess the effectiveness of MACV from 2010 to 2017 in 21 out of 26 countries of the African meningitis belt. An interrupted time series design and nonprobability sampling were used. Secondary data issued from meningitis enhanced surveillance were retrieved from World Health Organization database. The social ecological model was used as a theoretical framework for this study. The binomial negative regression and Pearson's Chi-Square tests were used. The study found that after the MACV introduction there were a high degree of relationship between N. meningitidis A and MACV immunization coverage (χ 2 (1) = 11039.49, p = 0.000, Phi = 0.657, P=0.000), 99% decline of the risk of N. meningitidis A (RR 0.01, 95% CI 0.08-0.013), and 99.6% decline of risk of epidemic due to N. meningitidis A (RR 0.004, 95% CI 0.001-0.016). The study demonstrated that high MACV coverage and high-quality meningitis surveillance were pivotal to reduce the burden of meningococcal meningitis A epidemic in African meningitis belt. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to development and manufacture an affordable multivalent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against N. meningitis (A, C, W135, X, Y) and introduce in meningitis belt countries to eliminate meningococcal meningitis in Africa, to update the risk assessment of the meningitis status of Africa meningitis belt after the introduction of MenAfriVac ® , to continue to improve meningitis enhanced surveillance, and improving public health policies on immunization and meningitis enhanced surveillance to ensure sustainable high immunization coverage of meningococcal vaccines and high quality of meningitis epidemic detection.

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Vaccine strategies: Optimising outcomes

Hardt

Bonanni

King

et al. 2016

Vaccine

110

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Successful immunisation programmes generally result from high vaccine effectiveness and adequate uptake of vaccines. In the development of new vaccination strategies, the structure and strength of the local healthcare system is a key consideration. In high income countries, existing infrastructures are usually used, while in less developed countries, the capacity for introducing new vaccines may need to be strengthened, particularly for vaccines administered beyond early childhood, such as the measles or human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Reliable immunisation service funding is another important factor and low income countries often need external supplementary sources of finance. Many regions also obtain support in generating an evidence base for vaccination via initiatives created by organisations including World Health Organization (WHO), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Agence de Médecine Préventive and the Sabin Vaccine Institute. Strong monitoring and surveillance mechanisms are also required. An example is the efficient and low-cost approaches for measuring the impact of the hepatitis B control initiative and evaluating achievement of goals that have been established in the WHO Western Pacific region. A review of implementation strategies reveals differing degrees of success. For example, in the Americas, PAHO advanced a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine strategy, targeting different population groups in mass, catch-up and follow-up vaccination campaigns. This has had much success but coverage data from some parts of the region suggest that children are still not receiving all appropriate vaccines, highlighting problems with local service infrastructures. Stark differences in coverage levels are also observed among high income countries, as is the case with HPV vaccine implementation in the USA versus the UK and Australia, reflecting differences in delivery settings. Experience and research have shown which vaccine strategies work well and the factors that encourage success, which often include strong support from government and healthcare organisations, as well as tailored, culturally-appropriate local approaches to optimise outcomes.

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Communication Challenges During the Development and Introduction of a New Meningococcal Vaccine in Africa

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Evidence Decision-Making Policy Practice in Emerging Pandemics and Epidemics Threats Preparedness and Response Operations in Africa

Evidence Decision-Making Policy Practice in Emerging Pandemics and Epidemics Threats Preparedness and Response Operations in Africa

Impact of the Meningococcal A Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in the African Meningitis Belt, 2010-2017

Vaccine strategies: Optimising outcomes

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