Communication Architecture for Grid Integration of Cyber Physical Wind Energy Systems

Ahmed, Mohamed A.; Kim, Chul‐Hwan

doi:10.3390/app7101034

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In order to compare the performance of the proposed wireless turbine area network models, a reference Ethernet-based architecture for the wind turbine internal network has been built based on Ref. [23], as shown in Fig. 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

et al. 2020

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There is a growing interest to increase the grid integration of large-scale wind power farms (WPF). As most WPFs are located in remote areas where abundant wind resources are available, these sites are lacking communication infrastructures and network coverage which present major obstacles in enabling reliable data transmission between WPFs and their control centers. With the absence of unified communication network architecture, different vendors and manufacturers are developing their own monitoring and control solutions according to their needs. There is a knowledge gap related to the design of WPF communication networks, where the assumptions of available articles do not represent the complete monitoring data from WPF subsystems including wind turbines, meteorological towers and substations. This work aims to design a wireless network architecture for the grid integration of cyber physical wind energy system based on the IEC 61400-25 standard. The proposed architecture consists of four layers: a wind farm layer, a data acquisition layer, a communication network layer and an application layer. Wireless communication technologies outperform conventional wired-based solutions by offering lower costs, greater flexibility and easier deployment. Based on IEC 61400-25 standard, a wireless turbine area network is proposed for collecting sensing data from wind turbine parts, and connected to a wireless farm area network developed for communication between the remote control center and wind turbines. The network performance of the proposed wireless wind turbine internal network (includes the number of sensor nodes, data types and data size) is evaluated considering different wireless technologies (ZigBee, WiFi and WiMAX) in view of end-to-end delay, wireless channel capacity, and data loss. The simulation results show that wireless-based solutions can meet the delay requirements of the IEEE 1646 standard. This work contributes for building a redundant wireless communication infrastructure for remote monitoring of WPFs with scalable coverage and capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 shows the proposed multilayer architecture for the cyber physical wind energy system. The architecture is divided into four layers: a wind farm layer, a data acquisition layer, a communication network layer and an application layer [23].…”

Section: Cyber Physical Wind Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

et al. 2020

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“…MU-IEDs are used for data acquisition from current and voltage transformers (sensors), while CB-IEDs are used to monitor and control the circuit breaker states [28]. P&C-IEDs combine the protection and data acquisition features with an extended I/O ports [11,17]. With the integration of the HVDC technology, the IEDs became the generic name for the measuring and control devices in AC and DC systems [29].…”

Section: Remote Terminal Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the DC side RTU data rate for measurements is between 5312.5-12890.6 Kbps. From the previous analysis and [7,11], the generated data for the different RTUs can be estimated as shown in Table 9. The distances (medium length) between the RTUs and the data concentrators are shown in Table A1 in Appendix A.1.…”

Section: The 2nd Layer: Rtu To Data Concentratormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communication Requirements for a Hybrid VSC Based HVDC/AC Transmission Networks State Estimation

et al. 2021

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The communication infrastructure of the modern Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system continues to enlarge, as hybrid High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)/Alternating Current (AC) networks emerge. A centralized SCADA faces challenges to meet the time requirements of the two different power networks topologies, such as employing the SCADA toolboxes for both grids. This paper presents the modern communication infrastructure and the time requirements of a centralized SCADA for hybrid HVDC/AC network. In addition, a case study of a complete cycle for a unified Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation is tested on a hybrid HVDC/AC transmission network, based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The cycle estimates the elapsed times from the sensors up to the SCADA side, including the data acquisition and the WLS processing times. The case study is carried out on the Cigre B4 DC test case network with 43 virtual Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)s installed and 10 data concentrators, all connected through a fiber-based communication network. It is concluded that the time requirements can be fulfilled for a hybrid HVDC/AC network.

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Simulation of the impact of parameter manipulations due to cyber-attacks and severe electrical faults on Offshore Wind Farms

Kulev

Torres²

2022

Ocean Engineering

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Communication Architecture for Grid Integration of Cyber Physical Wind Energy Systems

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

Wireless Network Architecture for Cyber Physical Wind Energy System

Communication Requirements for a Hybrid VSC Based HVDC/AC Transmission Networks State Estimation

Simulation of the impact of parameter manipulations due to cyber-attacks and severe electrical faults on Offshore Wind Farms

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