Communication and Cybersecurity Testbed for Autonomous Passenger Ship

Amro, Ahmed; Gkioulos, Vasileios

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95484-0_1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Afterwards we utilized the generated data for the identification of candidate specifications and rules for detecting anomalies. The activities in this process have been conducted using our developed maritime-themed cybersecurity testbed, which we proposed and presented in our earlier work [48]. The testbed includes several components that support the development of the anomaly detection solution.…”

Section: Data Generation and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigation Data Anomaly Analysis and Detection

et al. 2022

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Several disruptive attacks against companies in the maritime industry have led experts to consider the increased risk imposed by cyber threats as a major obstacle to undergoing digitization. The industry is heading toward increased automation and connectivity, leading to reduced human involvement in the different navigational functions and increased reliance on sensor data and software for more autonomous modes of operations. To meet the objectives of increased automation under the threat of cyber attacks, the different software modules that are expected to be involved in different navigational functions need to be prepared to detect such attacks utilizing suitable detection techniques. Therefore, we propose a systematic approach for analyzing the navigational NMEA messages carrying the data of the different sensors, their possible anomalies, malicious causes of such anomalies as well as the appropriate detection algorithms. The proposed approach is evaluated through two use cases, traditional Integrated Navigation System (INS) and Autonomous Passenger Ship (APS). The results reflect the utility of specification and frequency-based detection in detecting the identified anomalies with high confidence. Furthermore, the analysis is found to facilitate the communication of threats through indicating the possible impact of the identified anomalies against the navigational operations. Moreover, we have developed a testing environment that facilitates conducting the analysis. The environment includes a developed tool, NMEA-Manipulator that enables the invocation of the identified anomalies through a group of cyber attacks on sensor data. Our work paves the way for future work in the analysis of NMEA anomalies toward the development of an NMEA intrusion detection system.

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Section: Data Generation and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigation Data Anomaly Analysis and Detection

et al. 2022

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“…We utilize our previously proposed maritime-themed testbed [21] for the development of the adversarial techniques. The utilization of the testbed with regards to this paper is system replication and system analysis.…”

Section: Adversary Emulation Against An Auto-remote Vesselmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Click to Sink: Utilizing AIS for Command and Control in Maritime Cyber Attacks

Amro

Gkioulos

2022

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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The maritime domain is among the critical sectors of our way of life. It is undergoing a major digital transformation introducing changes to its operations and technology. The International Maritime Organization urged the maritime community to introduce cyber risk management into their systems. This includes the continuous identification and analysis of the threat landscape. This paper investigates a novel threat against the maritime infrastructure that utilizes a prominent maritime system that is the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for establishing covert channels. We provide empirical evidence regarding its feasibility and applicability to existing and future maritime systems as well as discuss mitigation measures against it. Additionally, we demonstrate the utility of the covert channels by introducing two realistic cyber attacks against an Autonomous Passenger Ship (APS) emulated in a testing environment. Our findings confirm that AIS can be utilized for establishing covert channels for communicating Command & Control (C&C) messages and transferring small files for updating the cyber arsenal without internet access. Also, the establishment and utilization of the covert channels have been found to be possible using existing attack vectors and technologies related to a wide range of maritime systems. We hope that our findings further motivate the maritime community to increase their efforts for integrating cyber security practices into their systems.

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“…This cluster stands distinctly apart from the others due to its specialized subject matter. The second cluster revolves around policy considerations within the shipping industry[40]-[42]. The third cluster centers on the technical dimensions of digital shipping, such as optimization techniques[7],[43] [40]-[42][7],[43][40][42][7],[43].…”

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confidence: 99%

Smart, Green, and Sustainable: Unveiling Technological Trajectories in Maritime Port Operations

Gerrero-Molina,

Vásquez-Suárez,

Valdés-Mosquera

2024

IEEE Access

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The technological advancements in port operations over the last decade have enabled the incorporation of significant elements into the supply chain, contributing to the progress of Industry 4.0. Through Big Data, the Internet of Things, and Artificial Intelligence, strides have been made in technical, operational, and procedural management for maritime ports. The literature on this subject is diverse and spans various areas of focus. This study aims to outline the principal trajectories of digital maritime transport by applying scientometrics and the ToS metaphor. Employing an exploratory methodology, a scientometric mapping was conducted based on Scopus and WoS, analyzing the most relevant scientific production by authors, countries, journals, and affiliations. Three trends are presented: Smart Ports: A Technological Necessity for the 21st Century; Greening the Digital Harbor; and Sustainable Port Management. The study concludes that the dynamics of scientific production have seen significant growth in the influence of Industry 4.0 in the maritime field, and it also evidences the applicability of technological innovations in the port sector.

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Communication and Cybersecurity Testbed for Autonomous Passenger Ship

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Navigation Data Anomaly Analysis and Detection

Navigation Data Anomaly Analysis and Detection

From Click to Sink: Utilizing AIS for Command and Control in Maritime Cyber Attacks

Smart, Green, and Sustainable: Unveiling Technological Trajectories in Maritime Port Operations

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