Communicating with patients and families about difficult matters: A rapid review in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background: Pandemics pose significant challenges for healthcare systems, including an increase in difficult discussions about future illness progression and end of life.Objectives: To synthesise existing evidence about communication practices used to discuss difficult matters, including prognosis and end of life, and to use this evidence to make recommendations for clinical practice. The aim of this study was to use rapid review methods to update findings from a previous systematic review published in 2014.Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, Scopus, ASSIA and Amed.Study eligibility criteria: Studies using conversation analysis or discourse analysis to examine recordings of actual conversations about difficult matters relating to future illness progression and end of life.Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Data appraisal and extraction procedures used in the 2014 review were modified for this rapid review.Results: Following screening, 18 sources were deemed to meet eligibility criteria, which were added to the 19 sources included in the 2014 systematic review. Synthesis of study findings identified 11 communication practices: providing opportunities for patient or family members to propose matters to discuss (7 out of 37 included sources); seeking a patient or family member's perspective (6/37); discussing the future indirectly (11/37); discussing the future explicitly (7/37) linking to something previously said or done (11/37); using hypothetical scenarios (13/37); framing a difficult matter as universal (5/37); acknowledging uncertainty (3/37); exploring options (2/37); displaying sensitivity (7/37); emphasising the positive (7/37).Limitations: Dividing work amongst the study authors to enable rapid review may have created inconsistencies. Conclusions and implications of key findings:This synthesis of high-quality evidence from actual clinical practice supports a series of recommendations for communicating about difficult matters during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. : medRxiv preprint Emphasising positive things, such as what can be done for a patient, can be useful for sustaining hope. When people are discussing difficult matters, however, starting to talk about positive things can end the difficult discussion. For this reason, consider when is the right time to move from the difficult aspects of a discussion, to the more positive dimensions. DiscussionThis rapid review has synthesised findings from studies examining difficult conversations about illness progression and end of life. The review focuses on high-quality evidence delivered by studies examining real-world conversations to understand how specific communication practices function in particular contexts. 14,17,18 Since publication of a systematic review on this topic in 2014, 19 evidence in this area has almost doubled. As reported in Box 1, the synthesis of findings from these studies has enabled the generation of 10 recommendations for clinicians who find themselves needing to discuss diff...

Clinician–patient communication about emergency aerial medical evacuation in case of infectious disease

“…CA takes a systematic approach to examining what actions are achieved with talk, and enables creation of an evidence base of effective practice. This in-depth approach is commonly used to study clinical communication, including shedding light on interactions in emergency medical settings, 9 and about illness progression, 10 and to make recommendations for practice.…”

Samtal vid allvarlig sjukdom - Kronobergsmodellen

“…En förutsättning för god palliativ vård är att vårdpersonal har kompetens inom det palliativa området. Särskilt läggs tonvikt på kompetens inom samtal med patient och närstående under sjukdomsförloppet (179,180). Läkare har beskrivit att samtal med patienter med allvarlig sjukdom är angeläget för patient och närstående (181).…”