Communicating the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of government policies and their impact on public support: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Reynolds, James; Stautz, Kaidy; Pilling, Mark; Linden, Sander van der; Marteau, Theresa M.

doi:10.1098/rsos.190522

Cited by 66 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Initial studies suggest that text-only HWLs on SSBs ( Roberto, Wong, Musicus, & Hammond, 2016 ) and image-and-text HWLs on energy-dense snacks are generally accepted ( Pechey et al, 2020 ). Evidence also suggests that communicating the effectiveness of HWLs may increase policy support ( Donnelly et al, 2018 ), a finding that aligns with results of a recent meta-analysis ( Reynolds, Stautz, Pilling, Linden, & Marteau, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: An online experimental study

et al. 2020

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Excessive consumption of energy-dense food increases the risk of obesity, which in turn increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes and most non-smoking-related cancers. Health warning labels (HWLs) that communicate the adverse health consequences of excess energy consumption could reduce intake of energy-dense foods. The aim of the current study was to estimate the impact on selection of energy-dense snacks of (a) image-and-text HWLs (b) text-only HWLs and (c) calorie information. In a between-subjects, 3 (HWL: image-and-text, text-only, no label) x 2 (calorie information: present, absent), factorial experimental design, participants (N = 4134) were randomised to view a selection of energy-dense and non-energy-dense snacks with one of five label types or no label. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants selecting an energy-dense snack in a hypothetical vending machine task. The proportion of participants selecting an energy-dense snack was reduced in all label groups, relative to the no label group (no label: 59%; calories only: 54%; text-only HWL: 48%; text-only HWL with calories: 44%; image-and-text HWL: 37%; image-and-text HWL with calories: 38%). Compared to the no label group, participants were least likely to select an energy-dense snack in the image-and-text HWL group (OR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.40, 0.54, p < 0.001). Health warning labels – particularly those including an image and text - have the potential to reduce selection of energy-dense snacks in an online setting. Their impact on selection and consumption in real-world settings awaits testing.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: An online experimental study

et al. 2020

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“…The interconnectedness of oceans and marine resources means that national and sectoral approaches must give way to integrated approaches and the interlinkages between managing jurisdictional waters and global oceans impacts required further research (Vogler, 2012). In addition, in many contexts, civil society opinions, stakeholder advocacy, and the need to address multiple use conflicts are giving rise to participatory mechanisms to govern marine spaces equitably (Lotze et al, 2018;Reynolds et al, 2020). Given the uncertainty of changes to oceans and marine ecosystems, governance arrangements must incorporate adaptive capacity to enable societies to prepare, respond and adapt to changing oceans ecosystem services (Folke et al, 2005).…”

Section: Governance Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

100 Opportunities for More Inclusive Ocean Research: Cross-Disciplinary Research Questions for Sustainable Ocean Governance and Management

et al. 2020

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In order to inform decision making and policy, research to address sustainability challenges requires cross-disciplinary approaches that are co-created with a wide and inclusive diversity of disciplines and stakeholders. As the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development approaches, it is therefore timely to take stock of the global range of cross-disciplinary questions to inform the development of policies to restore and sustain ocean health. We synthesized questions from major science and policy horizon scanning exercises, identifying 89 questions with relevance for ocean policy and governance. We then scanned the broad ocean science literature to examine issues potentially missed in the horizon scans and supplemented the horizon scan outcome with 11 additional questions. This resulted in an unprioritized list of 100 general questions that would require a cross-disciplinary approach to inform policy. The questions fell into broad categories including: coastal and marine environmental change, managing ocean activities, governance for sustainable oceans, ocean value, and technological and socioeconomic innovation. Each question can be customized by ecosystem, region, scale, and socio-political context, and is intended to inspire discussions of salient cross-disciplinary research directions to direct scientific research that will inform policies. Governance and management responses to these questions will best be informed by drawing upon a diversity of natural and social sciences, local and traditional knowledge, and engagement of different sectors and stakeholders.

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“…Reynolds et al [15] found out that 54% of consumers accept food policy interventions and this can be increased by 3-5% when the effectiveness of the intervention is communicated to consumers. Moreover, a recent meta-analysis by Reynolds et al [55] found out that the acceptance increases when the effectiveness of a policy is communicated and vice versa. Moreover, nutrition policy is a controversial topic with strong competition from various lobby groups, which often refer to (perceived) public opinions [56][57][58].…”

Section: Governmental Unregulated Food Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Policy and Individual Struggle to Eat Healthily: The Question of Public Support

2020

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The evidence for the effectiveness of nutrition policy interventions is growing. For the implementation of such interventions, social acceptability is crucial. Therefore, this study provides insight into public support for nutrition policy measures such as labelling and taxation. Further it analyses the level of acceptance in a quantitative segmentation approach. A new element to our approach is the comparison of different policy instruments, focusing on the interaction between policy acceptance and the perceived individual struggle to eat healthily. The survey was conducted in November 2017 and a total of 1035 German consumers are included in the data. The results indicate that the majority of German citizens accept nutrition policy interventions. Based on a cluster analysis, five different target groups according to the general acceptance of policy interventions and their own struggle to eat healthily are derived. The five-cluster solution reveals that both consumers who tend to eat a healthy diet as well as those who have problems with their diet support nutritional interventions. This shows that the perceived own struggle to eat healthily does not predict whether consumers accept nutrition policy interventions.

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Communicating the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of government policies and their impact on public support: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Cited by 66 publications

References 88 publications

Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: An online experimental study

Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: An online experimental study

100 Opportunities for More Inclusive Ocean Research: Cross-Disciplinary Research Questions for Sustainable Ocean Governance and Management

Nutrition Policy and Individual Struggle to Eat Healthily: The Question of Public Support

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